Hais txog cov proteins, raws li lub hauv paus ntawm tib neeg noj haus, pib tham hauv XIX caug xyoo. Thaum ntawd, lawv raug hu ua "proteins" - los ntawm Greek "protos", uas txhais tau hais tias "ua ntej". Proteins yog tiag tiag "thawj" nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb rau tib neeg lub cev.
Peb paub tias txhua lub neej yog tsim los ntawm cov protein. Tab sis tus protein nws tus kheej yog ua los ntawm cov amino acids. Proteins thiab amino acids yog interrelated, xws li cov lus thiab cov tsiaj ntawv. Proteins yog polymers, amino acids yog monomers. Qhov zoo ntawm cov protein yog txiav txim siab los ntawm nws cov amino acid xyaw, qhov zoo ntawm cov amino acid yog nws lub peev xwm los ua ib feem ntawm cov protein.
Amino acids, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov protein ntawm tsuas yog 20, nyob rau hauv qhov muaj txog 600 ntau yam. Cov 20 cov amino acids tsim tsheej lab ntawm ntau cov proteins uas txawv hauv kev zoo thiab nyhuv. Raws li hauv cov lus, nws tseem ceeb heev uas tsis muaj cov tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv lawv, tiam sis ua li cas cov tsiaj ntawv no nyob rau hauv, thiab thaum muaj protein ntau: koj tuaj yeem ntsib ntau hom proteins nrog tib yam kab mob amino acid, tab sis qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov txheej txheem amino acids yuav txawv.
Hloov tau thiab tseem ceeb heev amino acids
Raws li peb twb tau hais, muaj 20 cov amino acids uas tsim cov protein. Lawv muab faib ua kev sib tshuam, tsis muaj ntxiv thiab hloov tau cov xwm txheej. Irreplaceable amino acids muaj 8 amines, uas peb tsis tuaj yeem ua rau peb tus kheej, thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsum haus cov zaub mov. Nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, tsuas yog cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem coj los ua kom tag nrho cov amino acids lawv tus kheej, tag nrho cov kev so yuav tau nrhiav rau lawv hauv cov zaub mov.
Peb tuaj yeem coj ua ke 12 cov amino acids los ntawm peb tus kheej. Lawv raug tsim los ntawm lwm cov amino acids, raws li xav tau. Yeej muaj tseeb, qhov no tshwm sim, peb yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ib qho nyiaj tshaj tawm ntawm amines irreplaceable. Xws li substitutable yog cov amino acids, uas peb ib txwm coj los ua ke, cov khoom noj khoom haus. Thaum mob los yog kab mob, txoj kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT tus txheej txheem siv sij hawm ib ntus.
Thaum noj khoom noj, cov kua protein yog ua los ntawm cov amino acids (lub cev xaiv seb nws xav tau kev siv nyiaj rau tam sim no), yog tias tsis muaj kev xav tau rau cov amino acid no, nws yuav qeeb hauv daim siab kom txog thaum thawj qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov proteins uas yog amino acids
Txog rau hnub tim, tsis muaj ib qho kev cais tshwj xeeb ntawm cov proteins, feem ntau vim hais tias lawv lub luag hauj lwm yog tsis tau tag nrho to taub. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau yog inclined los ua qhov sib txawv ntawm cov roj ntsha, raws li cov amino acids hauv nws cov quag. Ntawd yog, nws yog ib qho kev faib tawm zoo uas hais txog tus nqi ntawm cov protein - seb nws muaj qhov tseem ceeb amino acids los yog tsis.
Tus txheej txheem ntawm cov protein tsim nyob rau hauv peb lub cev yog raws li nram no:
1. Peb haus cov kua protein (tsiaj los yog zaub).
2. Nrog kev pab ntawm pais plab kua txiv thiab pancreatic enzymes, peb cais nws mus ua amino acids.
3. Amino acids hauv cov hnyuv yog absorbed rau hauv cov ntshav thiab muab faib raws li qhov xav tau ntawm tus kabmob:
- Ntawm cov no, ib qho protein (twb "tib neeg") tau tsim tam sim ntawd, piv txwv li, hemoglobin , enzymes;
- lwm cov amino acid yuav raug tsim, uas tam sim no txaus siab rau lub cev;
- lossis yog tias tsis muaj kev xav rau cov amino acids los tsim cov proteins, thawj zaug yuav muab cia rau hauv daim siab, ua ntej qhov no yuav tsum tshwm sim.
Tshaj dhau thiab tsis muaj cov amino acids thiab proteins
Tsheej lab ntawm cov neeg hauv lub ntiaj teb raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev tsis muaj amino acids thiab proteins. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog kev tshaib kev nqhis (piv txwv, nyob rau hauv lub tropics, qhov uas tsis muaj protein ntau nyob rau hauv kev noj haus yog ib qho kev tu ncua), los yog kev ua txhaum hauv lub cev, uas cov proteins tsis digested, los yog protein tsis synthesized ntawm cov amino acids. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tshwm sim ntawm cov protein deficiency yog:
- kev loj hlob tsis zoo thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev;
- anemia;
- tsis muaj plab enzymes;
- txo kev tiv thaiv.
Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov protein ntau yog tsis muaj qab ntxiag rau lub cev. Qhov no ua rau cov kab mob nram no:
- mob cancer;
- mob caj dab;
- ntshav qab zib mellitus;
- kab mob plawv.