Txheej txheem ntawm tus me nyuam yog qhov nyuaj thiab qee zaum tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb. Ntau zaus muaj ntau zaus xwm txheej ceev ntawm lub neej ntawm tus me nyuam thiab leej niam yuav tsum kom sai li sai tau kom tiav hnub yug. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, obstetrician-gynecologist ceev nrooj txiav txim siab ntawm kev tsim ntawm obstetric forceps.
Obstetric forceps - me ntsis keeb kwm
Thawj thawj zaug obstetric forceps tau raug tsim los ntawm P. Chamberlain, uas ceev qhov twj paj nruag uas siv zais cia thiab siv los txhawb kev loj hlob.
Cov pej xeem yog lub forceps, ob leeg yees ua 125 xyoo tom qab los ntawm tus kws phais Palfin. Nws yog los ntawm lub caij no (1723) uas obstetric forceps pib siv thiab zoo thawj zaug nyob rau hauv European lub teb chaws, thiab tom qab ntawd ces nyob rau hauv Russia thiab lwm yam Soviet-republic republics.
Txog rau lub sij hawm thaum lub cev phais lub cev phais plab nkag hauv qhov kev ua obstetrical, obstetric forceps tau tsuas yog txhais tau hais tias lub neej ntawm ntau tus me nyuam thiab cov poj niam hauv kev yug menyuam, nrog rau.
Obstetric forceps - hom thiab txheej txheem ntawm daim ntawv thov
Rau hnub tim, tag nrho, muaj ntau tshaj 600 qauv obstetric forceps uas txawv hauv lawv cov qauv thiab qhov ntawm daim ntawv thov.
Nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus me nyuam hauv plab taub hau, lub forceps yog dej num:
- Tawm zis obstetrical forceps (raug) - superimposed rau ntawm lub taub hau, ib qho loj ntu ntawm uas nyob hauv lub dav hlau ntawm qhov tawm ntawm lub me pelvis. Qhov kev tsim ntawm kev tsim tawm ob sab sib nqus yuam yog tsis tshua siv, txij thaum nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub taub hau ib tug muaj peev xwm faib nrog ib lub cev episiotomy.
- Hollow obstetrical forceps (atypical) yuav tsum tau yog lub taub hau nyob ncaj nraim hauv cov kab noj hniav ntawm lub me pelvis.
- Siab obstetrical forceps twb yav dhau los xyaum thaum lub taub hau yog nyob rau ntawm nkag mus rau ib tug me pelvis. Daim ntawv thov kev kub ntxhov yog ib qho txaus ntshai thiab nyuaj, ua rau muaj teeb meem loj thaum yug me nyuam, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li txwv.
Raws li txoj cai, kev ua qauv ntawm cov forceps muaj ob yam kabmob uas yog cov kabmob, qhov xauv thiab qhov kov.
Los ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm qhov xauv - lub caij txuas, obstetric forceps tau muab faib ua:
- Lavxias teb sab (lub tsev fuabtais yog txawb heev);
- German (lub tsev fuabtais yuav luag tsis txawj);
- Lus Askiv (theem nrab);
- Fabkis (taag lub tsev fuabtais).
Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, feem ntau yog siv lus Askiv obstetrical forceps Simpson nyob rau hauv kev hloov kho ntawm obstetrician Phenomenov, nrog tib lub npe Simpson-Phenomenov. Cov qauv no muaj ob ntu - txoj cai thiab sab nraud, uas muaj ob lub qhov cub (lub taub hau thiab lub plab pelvic), lub plauv tsiv, lub ribbed tuav nrog cov hooks haws rau kho tes. Qhov nyhav ntawm lub forceps yog 500 grams, qhov ntev yog li 35 cm. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv obstetric forceps nyob ntawm seb cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov ntsuas, thiab nyob rau hauv particular seb tus tawm los yog kab noj kab noj hniav.
Obstetric forceps - cov pov thawj thiab qhov yuav tshwm sim
Cov cim tseem ceeb rau kev thov kev pabcuam yog:
- kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv system, ob lub raum, lub plawv ntawm ib tug poj niam tsis sib haum nrog lub nra ntawm kev ua hauj lwm;
- tsis muaj zog ua haujlwm;
- tus mob fetal hypoxia ;
- prolapse ntawm umbilical qaum loops;
- ntxov ntxov ntawm tus menyuam nyob hauv plab thiab lwm tus, ntawm tus kws kho mob qhov kev pom zoo.
Kuj rau cov txheej txheem muaj cov mob hauv qab no:
- ib lub cev ntim quav;
- tag nro qhia tawm;
- kev haum ntawm lub taub hau thiab pelvis qhov ntev;
- tsis tuaj yeem tsis tuaj yeem zom zis ntawm lub plab.
Ntxiv rau cov qauv saum toj no, nws tsim nyog teev cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv obstetric forceps yog qhov nyuaj, thiab tsis yog txhua tus kws tshwj xeeb muaj cov kev txawj hauv kev ua kom tiav. Ntxiv rau, muaj teebmeem tshwm sim, ob qho tib si rau ntawm niam thiab tus menyuam. Namely:
- kev tuag ntawm kev yug me nyuam, kev tawg ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam , thiab qee lub sij hawm lub tsev me nyuam nws tus kheej;
- kev raug mob rau lub taub hau thiab ncauj tsev menyuam ntawm tus me nyuam hauv plab;
- qhov kaj ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag;
- hematomas;
- hemorrhages nyob rau hauv lub hlwb thiab ntau lwm tus.