Penicillins yog ib pawg ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas tsim los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawm cov pwm ntawm cov Penicillium genus. Lawv tawm tsam cov kab mob bactericidal ntawm Gram-positive, thiab kuj muaj cov kab mob gram-negative microorganisms. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov koob tshuaj penicillin muaj xws li tsis yog ntuj tebchaw, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb.
Cov Khoom:
- Ntau hom kev siv tshuaj zoo.
- Tsuas muaj teebmeem toxic ntawm lub cev.
- Ntau yam ntawm kev nqis tes ua.
- Kev sib thooj rau lwm hom kev penicillins.
- Kev nqus dej sai thiab kev faib tawm hauv lub cev.
- Zoo nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, lub cev kua.
- Accelerated kawm tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj kho kom zoo.
- Ceev tshem tawm ntawm lub cev.
Kev ruaj ntseg
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm pawg neeg hu ua penicillin, vim lawv tsis muaj tshuaj toxicity, yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo tshaj plaws. Cov kev mob tshwm sim tsis tsuas yog tshwm sim yog tias muaj kev hypersensitivity lossis kev ua xua rau penicillin. Hmoov tsis zoo li no, muaj kev pom zoo ntawm ntau tus neeg (li 10%) thiab kis tsis tau rau cov tshuaj, tab sis kuj rau lwm cov khoom thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce uas muaj tshuaj tua kab mob. Ib qho kev tsis haum rau penicillin yuav ua tau thaum nkag mus rau lub cev ntawm ib qho, txawm tias qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj. Yog li, nrog rau kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev fab tshuaj tiv thaiv nws yog tsim nyog los xaiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas tsis muaj penicillin thiab penicillin dawb analogues ntawm cov tshuaj.
Daim ntawv ntawm qhov teeb meem
Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antibiotics penicillin yog muaj nyob hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj:
- Penicillin-ekormoline ntsiav tshuaj rau resorption.
- Penicillin-ekormoline ntsiav tshuaj rau qhov ncauj kev tswj hwm.
- Penicillin ntsiav tshuaj nrog sodium citrate.
Hmoov kuj yog siv los npaj cov kua thiab cov tshuaj.
Kev faib tawm
Tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov tshuaj hu ua penicillin muaj cov nram qab no:
- Ntuj penicillins - yog muab los ntawm ib puag ncig hauv uas penicillin fungi yog zus.
- Biosynthetic penicillins - yog tau los ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom neeg.
- Semisynthetic penicillins - yog tau los ntawm cov kua qaub ntawm cov kua penicillins (cov tshuaj tua kab mob raws li penicillin).
Cov cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov:
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob penicillin muaj qhov dav dav ntawm qhov kev txiav txim thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov mob:
- cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob hauv siab thiab qis qis;
- cov kab mob ntawm tus kab mob plaw;
- mob txeeb zig;
- kab mob venereal;
- cov txheej txheem kws kho mob.
Kev mob tshwm sim
Txawm tias qhov ua tau zoo los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm pawg neeg hu ua Penicillin tuaj yeem muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim hauv lub cev:
1. Kev sib thooj ua xua thiab kev siab tawv:
- dermatitis;
- cov tawv nqaij tawv;
- o ntawm cov hnyuv membrane;
- swb ntawm digestive system;
- mob caj dab;
- spasm ntawm bronchi;
- anaphylactic poob siab;
- edema ntawm lub hlwb;
- arthralgia.
2. Cov tshuaj lom neeg lub cev:
- xeev siab;
- zawv plab;
- stomatitis;
- glossitis;
- necrosis ntawm cov leeg nqaij;
- candidiasis ntawm qhov ncauj thiab qhov chaw mos;
- kev loj hlob ntawm superinfection;
- plab hnyuv dysbiosis;
- thrombophlebitis.
3. Kev tshua tshuaj Neurotoxic:
- kev xav pom;
- kev sib ceg;
- delirium;
- ua txhaum cai ntawm ntshav siab.
4. Cov kev xav tshwj xeeb:
- hauv zos infiltration;
- cov teeb meem ntawm kab mob vascular (Ib thiab Nicolau syndromes).
Txog li tam sim no, kev kho nrog penicillin yog ib qho ntawm txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib kis kab mob. Tab sis nws lub sij hawm teem tseg yuav tsum yog tus kws kho mob ua raws li kev ntsuam xyuas thiab kev ntsuam xyuas fab tshuaj.