- Chaw nyob: Tiwanaku, Bolivia
- Xov tooj: + 591 6666 6666
- Xyoo tsim nyog siv: 530-560 xyoo. AD
Puma Punku yog thaj chaw ntawm Bolivia mysterious. Lub megalithic complex ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 4 txhiab meters, nyob ze ntawm lub pas dej Titicaca thiab lwm yam sib xws, Tiwanaku . Lub npe "Puma Punku" txhais ua "Puma lub rooj vag".
Hnub nyoog ntawm kev tsim kho: kev ntseeg thiab kev sib cav
Raws li kev soj ntsuam radiocarbon tsom, cov kws tshawb fawb txog hnub ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm 530-560 xyoo ntawm peb lub sijhawm, tiam sis tsis yog txhua tus kws tshawb fawb pom zoo nrog qhov no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav zoo sib xws ntawm Tiwanaku complex, uas rov tshwm sim rau xyoo pua 15th BC. e.
Nws tsis pom zoo txog "lub hnub nyoog kev cai lij choj" ntawm lub tsev thiab qhov tseeb hais tias keeb kwm sau cov lus hais txog lub complex tsis khaws cia. Qhov tseeb no kuj ua rau kom muaj kev sib cav sib ceg zoo txog Puma Punk raws nraim li cas thiab nws muaj lub luag haujlwm li cas hauv cov kab lis kev cai ntawm cov pab pawg neeg nyob hauv.
Tsis tseeb los ntawm xws li ib tug hluas hnub nyoog ntawm lub complex thiab lub archaeological pom uas tau ua ntawm no - Fuente Magna. Qhov no yog lub dav hlau loj ntawm ceramics, cov phab ntsa uas yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov kos duab ntawm lub Sumerian cuneiform thaum ntxov. Fuente Magna raug xa mus rau cov khoom tsis tsim nyog - cov khoom uas ua tsis tau raws li cov lus cog tseg ntawm evolution. Hnub no Fuente Magna yog cia rau hauv La Paz, nyob rau hauv lub Museum of Precious Metals, thiab lub inscription ntawm lub tais yog deciphered.
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Dab tsi yog qhov nyuaj?
Puma Punku yog ib txoj kab uas ua rau ntawm av nplaum (raws cov ntug, dej xuab zeb yog interspersed nrog cobblestones) thiab hlua nrog cov khoom ua haujlwm zoo kawg nkaus. Los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab hnub tuaj nws yuav luag 168 m, ntawm sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab hnub poob - ntawm 117. Ntawm qhov chaw tiaj - nyob rau hauv cov qaum teb thiab sab qab teb - cov qauv ntxiv ntawm cov rectangular. Mound puag ncig lub loog ntawm ib lub duab.
Thaum pib, Puma Punk, raws li kev txav teeb tsa, yog ib pawg ntawm cov qauv hauv daim ntawv ntawm tsab ntawv "T" ntawm ib lub toj puag ncig los ntawm ib tug clutch ntawm kuj me me pob zeb, mus txog pua pua kilograms. Tus "ceg" ntawm tsab ntawv "T" yog me ntsis thickened. Txog rau tam sim no, txoj hauv kev ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj - lub tsev ntseeg tias tau muab pov tseg los ntawm av qeeg tsis tshua muaj hwjchim, thiab pobzeb pob zeb twb tau siv rau xyoo pua 20 rau pob zeb qhuav.
Tab sis - tsis tag nrho, qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm ib txhia tsis pub lawv siv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Litice Platform - ib terrace nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntug ntawm lub complex - muaj monolithic slab 7 m 81 cm ntev, 5 m 17 cm dav thiab 1 m 07 cm tuab. Kwv yees li ntawm qhov phaj no yog 131 tons. Qhov no yog qhov loj tshaj (tiam sis tsis yog qhov hnyav) pom nyob hauv Puma Punku xwb, tab sis kuj nyob hauv Tiaunako. Lwm cov phaj yog me ntsis me ntsis, tab sis lawv qhov hnyav yog los ntawm 20 tons los yog ntau dua. Lawv tau ua los ntawm diorite, xim av thiab liab thiab liab.
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Riddles ntawm Puma-Punku
Cov txheej txheem ntawm tus me nyuam pob zeb yog ib qho ntawm cov tsis paub uas teev lub nroog Puma-Punk rau nws cov neeg tshawb xyuas. Qhov kev tso tawm, uas cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias sandstone yuav muab rho tawm, yog ntau tshaj 17 km deb, thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub complex thiab qhov tso nyiaj yog hla, thiab tsis muaj tsuas yog ib txoj kev, tab sis ib tug hint tias nws yog ib zaug muaj . Thiab lub tso nyiaj ntawm andesite yog nyob txawm ntxiv, txog 90 km los ntawm Puma Punku.
Txawm li cas los, qhov no tsis yog qhov tsuas yog ib qho, ntau ntau yam uas tsis tau paub txog ntawm no:
- Ntau yam ntawm cov yas uas muaj sia nyob muaj cov khoom siv ua tau rau cov khoom siv xws li kev siv cov yees tshiab, thiab qee cov kev ua ntawm cov cuab yeej ua tsis tau tam sim no. Piv txwv li, ntawm no muaj ntau cov qauv ntawm ntau daim duab, qee yam ntawm lawv tau muaj cov ntawv luam tawm (los yog kos), zoo kawg nkaus puag qhov sib txawv ntawm cov diameter, grooves ntawm ntau daim duab yog drilled. Nws tsuas yog tsis tau hais tias kev ua li no tau nrog cov txheej thaum ub muaj rau Indian pawg neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw no. Los ntawm txoj kev, Cov Isdias Asmeskas lawv tsis kam lees lawv cov kev koom tes hauv kev tsim kho ntawm Puma Punk. Cov lus qhia hauv zos hais tias Puma Punk tau ua los ntawm cov ntseeg, uas tau rhuav tshem lawv cov qauv "los ntawm raising, tig thiab ntuav."
- Thaum siv txoj kev tsim, cov khoom siv sib nkag tau siv los siv - yog hais tias nws tsis yog rau lub pob zeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyuaj, nws yuav hais tau tias cov blocks tau tsim los ntawm kev thawb. Blocks yog nruj nruj heev rau ib leeg - qhov sib txawv feem ntau tsis txawm muaj ib rab chais ntsej muag.
- Nyob rau qee qhov chaw, tshwj xeeb kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlau xws li bronze (heev tsawg rau Bolivia!), Arsenic thiab nickel (uas tsis pom ntawm no txhua) tau siv los txuas cov blocks sib.
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Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb: qhov twg yog lub sij hawm teem tseg ntawm Puma-Punku?
Cov neeg Isdias Asmesliskas lawv hu ua Puma Punku "ib qho chaw so rau cov ntseeg". Tab sis qhov teeb meem no zoo li cas?
Muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, txhua tus uas muaj nws cov pov thawj thiab nws cov "tsis muaj zog":
- Kwv yees 100 xyoo dhau los, Bolivian archaeologist ntawm Polish keeb kwm Arthur Poznansky muab rau pem hauv ntej ib version tias Puma Punk yog ib qho chaw nres nkoj - thaum Lake Titicaca, tam sim no nyob 30 km ntawm lub complex, ntau dua. Cov lus no rau hnub tsis sawv ntawm txhua yam kev thuam - kev kawm txog lub qab ntawm lub pas dej, uas ua rau kev nrhiav pom ntawm cov vaj tse qub rau hnub ntawd, qhia tias nws tsis ua ntiav, tab sis, ntawm qhov tsis sib haum xeeb, dhau los ua tob.
- Lub complex tau tshawb xyuas nrog kev pab cuam ntawm seismic prospecting, magnetometry thiab lwm txoj kev, uas pom tau hais tias nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog nyob hauv qab ntawm nws yog qhov tseem ntawm cov tuam tsev thiab dej. Qhov no tsis ncaj qha hais tias Puma Punk tseem yog lub nroog tau tawg .
- Qee cov kws tshawb fawb, txawm tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb no, sib cav hais tias Puma Punku yog ib lub tshuab loj heev , piv txwv li, ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob los yog tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm lub sam thiaj. Lub hauv paus rau daim ntawv no yog qhov tseeb hais tias qee cov pob zeb pob zeb zoo li feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm qee txoj hauj lwm. Lub conjugation ntawm ib co pob zeb "cov ntsiab lus" los ntawm Puma Punk yog pom tseeb hauv daim duab. Txawm li ntawd los, rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub mechanism, ntau ntawm lawv yog cov zoo nkauj fancifully decorated ...
Rau hnub tim, tus neeg tsim nyog tau ua tus neeg tsim ntawm Puma Punk, thaum tsim txoj hauv kev thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, qhov nws tau siv rau - tsis muaj nyob.
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Yuav ua li cas kom tau Puma Punku?
Koj tuaj yeem tau txais txoj haujlwm los ntawm La Paz los ntawm txoj kab 1. Txoj kev tuaj yeem coj ntawm ib nrab thiab ib nrab mus rau ob xuab moos (nyob ntawm txoj kev tsheb npav), koj yuav tsum tsav tsheb tsawg dua 75 km.
