Txiv Plume tsob ntoo ua rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Yog tias koj muab kev saib xyuas zoo rau lub plum, nws yuav ua rau ntau xyoo zoo siab rau cov nplua nuj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas siv rau hauv daim ntawv tshiab, khov, cov kaus poom hauv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov kua compotes, jelly, jam.
Cov kev cai rau cog plums
Aromatic plum yog ib tsob ntoo, ncav ib qhov siab ntawm 15 m., Nws Dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo txog 15 xyoo. Feem ntau ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag pw ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 20-40 cm, lawv yog cov pivotal. Plum plum yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ci, nyob rau hauv tej av, nyiam dua xoob thiab fertile. Lub sijhawm zoo rau nws cov hauv paus hniav yog caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog caij nplooj zeeg. Thaum xaiv ib qho chaw, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lub seedling tsis yog obscured by neighboring nroj tsuag. Rau txhim khu kev qha rooting ntawm plum cog thiab kev saib xyuas rau nws yuav tsum tau ua kom txawj. Qhov no yuav xyuas kom meej tias cov nroj tsuag tsis tuag los yog tsis kam tsis kam ua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Cov cai ntawm cog plums nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav
Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nrog ib tug txias kev nyab xeeb, cog ntawm plum tsob ntoo yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis, ua ntej lub raum qhib. Nws yuav siv sij hawm cag ntawm ib qhov deb ntawm tsawg kawg yog ob metres los ntawm av. Ntsiab cai ntawm cog ib plum tsob ntoo:
- lub plum pit yog npaj nyob rau hauv Autumn los yog caij nplooj ntoos hlav ob peb lub lis piam ua ntej rooting;
- qhov sib txawv ntawm seedlings yuav tsum yuav 3-5 m., nws yog xam raws li ib qib - tsawg los yog siab;
- ib qho landing rau lub plum yog xav tau 80 cm tob thiab 70 cm dav;
- ntom qab podpushivayut lomik lwm 20 cm down;
- ob lub thoob ntawm peat thiab humus yog ntxiv rau cov av, 2 khob ntawm nitrophos, 200 g ntawm txiv qaub-pushenki;
- Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov taub, cov qe kab mob yog muab pov tseg, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw yog ib ceg cog ntoo;
- Lub plum seedling yog tsau rau lub pas nrig thiab sprinkled nrog enriched av;
- kev hloov cheeb tsam ntawm lub hauv paus mus rau lub qia yuav tsum 5 cm saum toj no hauv av dav hlau;
- nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw ntawm lub plum daim ntawv ib qhov puag ncig thiab ua siab ntev moisturize;
- ib lub voj voog nyob ze ntawm tsob ntoo yog them nrog sawdust.
Plum cog nyob rau hauv Autumn
Yog hais tias tus struts yog lub caij ntuj no me me, nws raug tso cai rau cog ntoo nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, thaum npaj lub cuab ntxhiab ua ntej. Lub plum yog cog nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj, ua ntej Frost. Lub chaw xaiv yuav tsum me ntsis kom zoo li hais tias nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no ib txheej ntawm snow tsis accumulate ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo. Cov cai ntawm Autumn plum cog:
- Seedling yuav tsum muaj tsib haib keeb kwm txog li 25 cm nyob rau hauv ntev;
- tob ntawm rooting ntawm plum - tsawg kawg 50 cm;
- lub qhov khau rau ob lub lis piam;
- fertile av yog npaj rau plum hmoov, tov nrog 50 g ntawm poov tshuaj ntsev, 100 g ntawm superphosphate, 15 kg ntawm humus ib qhov;
- Seedling yog tsau rau ib tug yav tas dug peg, nws keeb kwm yog straightened;
- lub substrate yog maj mam tamped thiab nchuav nrog ob lub thoob dej, them nrog sawdust;
- ua ntej lub caij ntuj no plum yuav tsum tau ntim heev dua 2-3 zaug ntxiv;
- thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg caij zoo saib cov nag, yog li dej tsis sawv hauv av.
Pruning thiab tsim ntawm plums
Yuav kom nce lub fertility ntawm tsob ntoo, Autumn, lub caij ntuj sov, caij nplooj ntoos hlav pruning ntawm plum yog ua. Nws hlub chaotically weaving ceg, uas ua rau lawv puas tsuaj, thickening ntawm crown, poob ntawm tau tshiab tua los yog ib tug txo nyob rau hauv tawm los. Cov txheej txheem rau lub dai kom zoo ntawm lub crown yog nqa tawm los ntawm thaum pib ntawm rooting ntawm tsob ntoo thiab mus txuas ntxiv tsis tshuav tag nrho nws lub neej.
Faib pruning tom qab cog
Tsob ntoo yog qhia kom pib pruning nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm seedling, raws li nws ua tau ntau yam ntxiv tua. Kev kho mob yog txo los ua qauv ua pob txha nrog cov ceg tawv muaj zog. Thawj pruning ntawm plum thaum cog nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj:
- Lub cev yog ntxuav los ntawm sab ceg ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 40 cm los ntawm hauv av;
- qhov seem uas yog tua raug txiav ib nrab;
- qhov chaw txuas neeg ntawm lub plum yuav tsum nyob twj ywm raws li loj li 1.5 m.
Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, nyob rau hauv ob ib nrab ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj lwm plum trimming yog ua tiav:
- shorten tag nrho rau ib sab tua mus rau 20 cm, los ntawm lub pob tw;
- cov tub ntxhais kawm plum tub ntxhais kawm tsis raug txiav;
- qhov txheej txheem ntawm ob sab, qhia ncaj qha, raug nres mus txog 15 cm.
Qhib cov tub ntxhais hluas plum
Cov nram qab no xyoo kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau qhov tsim ntawm qhov kev sib nkag ntawm tsob ntoo. On fruiting specimen, ib tug me me localization ntawm ceg yog nqa tawm, qhia rau tsim ntawm ib tug ntom crown ntawm tsis tu ncua, pov tseg ntawm incapacitated tua. Pruning ib tug hluas plum nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nrog lub awakening ntawm ob lub raum yuav shortening lub qia chim los ntawm ob feem peb. Xws li kev saib xyuas yuav tsis cia cov cog kom sai tau nce siab. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj, cuttings ntawm plum ceg mus txog 20 cm yog trimmed. Nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no caij, tag nrho cov crossed thiab spoiled sab ceg raug muab tshem tawm.
Lub chaw tus neeg xyuas pib raug txiav ob feem peb txhua xyoo kom txog rau thaum cov yub tau txais qhov siab tshaj plaws rau nws qib. Lub crown yuav tsum muaj cov duab ntawm ib tug pyramid nrog ib tug puag puag, tu cov plum nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm pruning muab rau ib radical tshem tawm ntawm tag nrho cov tsis cog tua. Raws li lub moj khaum tawm 5-6 muaj zog ceg. Lawv yuav tsum loj hlob nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia nrog ib kaum ntawm inclination ntawm txog 50 degrees. Txhawb nqa cov hauj lwm koj xav tau ib qho kev txiav txim siab lossis ib qho hacksaw. Tag nrho cov slices yog coated nrog ib tug vaj teb thiaj li hais tias tsob ntoo tsis tau mob.
Trimming tus npliag plum
Ua hauj lwm nrog tsob ntoo ntxhua ntoo yog ua kom thiaj li ua tiav nws lub caij nyoog ua haujlwm, tsis tas hloov qhov loj thiab saj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Rau overgrown crowns, lub pruning cai rau caij nplooj ntoos hlav plums muaj xws li:
- kev tshem tawm ntawm txhua yam withered, muaj mob, tawg ceg, thiab cov neeg uas tau hais mus rau hauv lub cev;
- lub cev pob txha ntawm plum yog thinning, qhov tua rubbing tawm tsam txhua lwm yam;
- yog hais tias cov nroj tsuag muaj ib tug ntev kev loj hlob, nws yog shortened los ntawm ib feem peb.
Rejuvenating pruning prunes
Sai li sai thaum lub vaj ntoo tuaj yeem pom cov cim ntawm kev loj hlob lwj (chopping plum txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tua nce tsuas yog 10-15 cm ntawm ib lub xyoo), rejuvenating pruning yog ua. Nrog nws qhuav, muaj mob, qub thiab sagging ceg raug muab tshem tawm, cov tshiab tua tsis kov. Lub ntsiab trunks yog txiav mus rau hauv peb mus rau plaub lub xyoos ntoo - lub lateral ceg raug muab tshem tawm nyob rau hauv lub qub cev pob txha. Qhov no tso cai rau tsob ntoo ua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog venerable. Rejuvenating pruning ntawm qub plum los ntawm kev paub gardeners yog npaj rau thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Tag nrho cov spili yog thov vaj muaj bar.
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm tej thaj chaw deb ceg, cov tub ntxhais hluas tua raug tawm. Yuav kom tsis txhob overload lub plum, qhov ob muaj zog tshaj plaws nyob twj ywm, tus so raug muab tshem tawm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov. Rejuvenating pruning yog tawg cia rau 3-4 xyoo thiab nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ob peb ua ke. Yog hais tias koj ua txhua yam nyob rau hauv ib lub caij, lub qub plum tsis tau sawv thiab thaum kawg wither. Kev ua raws li txoj cai yuav pab nws tau txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau ntau xyoo.
Trimming lub plab plum plum
Cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg ntawm lawv tus kheej cov hauv paus hniav, los yog nrog kev pab ntawm grafts grafted mus rau hauv lub crevices. Yog li ntawd gardeners muaj peev xwm nrhiav mus muab cov quav, ib tug ua ke ntawm ntau ntau yam ntawm plums. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag rau daim duab ntawm lub crown nyob rau hauv thawj lub caij. Cov kev cai rau pruning lub plum grafted los ntawm rootstock (paus):
- Yog hais tias lub seedling twb tsis muaj ceg, thaum cog nws nyob rau ib qho chaw mus tas li, ib tug txiav yog saum toj no lub raum ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm 60 cm los ntawm hauv av. Tom qab nws pom tshwm rau ib sab, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev pob txha;
- Yog hais tias tsob ntoo muaj branching, rau qhov qis theem xaiv peb muaj zog tua, muab tso rau ntawm 50 degrees, thiab txiav lawv mus rau ib tug thib peb. Tus neeg xyuas pib yog txiav kom nws tseem nyob saum toj ceg ceg ntawm 25 cm.
- nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, processing yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev zoo sib xws rau kev saib xyuas ntawm lwm plums;
- nyob rau hauv grafted thiab tsim ntoo, hauv paus tua yog stably muab tshem tawm mus rau tus niam puag, tawm hauv tsis muaj hemp. Ua li no, khawb cov av, tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag hauv qhov chaw uas nws tsiv tawm ntawm lub Tshuag thiab sau thaj chaw txiav.
Yuav tu tus plum li cas?
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm xws li ib tsob ntoo muaj nta uas txawv los ntawm lwm yam nroj tsuag hauv lub vaj. Plum - kom tu thiab cultivation:
- Watering. Qhov no nws yog ib qho chaw noo noo heev. Nws yuav tsum tau saib xyuas huab cua thiab dej hauv plum ib zaug ib lub lim tiam thaum muaj drought (5-6 thoob rau ib tus neeg laus, 3-4 rau ib tus hluas). Ib tug kos npe rau ntawm ib tug tsis muaj noo noo - ib tug keej nyob rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tshaj ntawm dej lub crown reacts nrog yellowing ntawm nplooj.
- Lub caij ntuj no kev saib xyuas rau plum. Nyob rau hauv lub txias season nws yog pom zoo kom trample cia snow nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw, rau chip nws tawm ceg.
- Kev kho mob rau lub voj voog. Nws yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 2 m., Nws yuav tsum tau loosened tawm thiab tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag. Tus tua los ntawm keeb kwm weaken lub nroj tsuag - nws xav tau muab txiav 4-5 zaug thaum lub sij hawm lub caij ntuj sov ncaj los ntawm lub ntsiab Tshuag.
- Txhawb nqa. Nrog ib tug high tawm los, lub load rau ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ceg yog zoo - lawv muaj zog nrog pegs, softened rags nyob rau hauv lub point ntawm kev sib cuag nrog bark.
Kev kho mob rau lub plum nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav - spraying
Pests puas ntsoog nroj tsuag, tshwj xeeb txhais tau tias yog siv los tiv thaiv lawv. Plum - muaj peev xwm saib xyuas rau tsob ntoo raws li kev txau:
- ua ntej qhib ntawm buds nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lub crown yog ua tib zoo irrigated nrog rau kev npaj Tsis muaj 30 (500 g ib 10 liv dej). Qhov no spraying yog raws kev coj tawm tsam scutes, mites, aphids, caterpillars, pathogens ntawm fungal kab mob;
- thaum lub sij hawm flowering on dawb buds, ib qho ntawm insecticides ( Alatar , Aktara, Fufanon-nova) yog kho. Yog li ntawd plum yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm larvae ntawm sawflies, mites, aphids, nplooj ntoos-noj pests;
- Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov 3-4 sprays yog nqa tawm nrog ib lub sij hawm ntawm 2 lub lim piam tawm tsam lub plab moth. Npaj: Fufanon-nova, Fitoverm + Abiga-ncov, Horus .
Kev saib xyuas ntawm plum - to top hnav khaub ncaws
Thawj 2-3 xyoo tom qab cog lub seedlings, muaj cov muab kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv aub tsiv. Nrog rau tom ntej kev saib xyuas ntawm plum koj xav tau fertilizing, uas pours tawm on yav dhau los loosened av:
- Nyob rau hauv lub Autumn: organic - ib Txoj kev lis ntshav ntawm mullein, slurry, diluted nrog dej 3-5 zaug los yog noog droppings 10 lub sij hawm;
- Plum nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav - kev saib xyuas thiab npaj to top hnav khaub ncaws nrog pob zeb hauv av tebchaw:
- Thawj fertilizer yog tsim ua ntej pib ntawm flowering nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis - 30 g Urea yog yaj nyob rau hauv 10 liv dej. Nyob rau hauv ib lub dab ntxuav tes 20 litres ntawm kua muaj ntim;
- nyob rau hauv Tej zaum, tom qab flowering - 40 g nitrophosks thiab 30 g. urea diluted nrog ib tug thoob dej. 30 liv ntawm fertilizer yog poured nyob rau hauv lub dab dej;
- nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov tom qab sau - 30 g. poov tshuaj sulfate + 40 g superphosphate ib thoob dej. Ib lub dab dej yuav tsum tau 20 liters ntawm cov khoom noj sib tov.