Qhov kev lag luam ntawm lub qhov muag yog nyob ntawm qhov tseeb tsim thiab kis ntawm hluav taws xob impulses. Qhov thib ob paj hlwb yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov txheej txheem no. Thaum nws mob nws dheev thiab zoo heev deteriorates lub zeem muag. Cov kab mob no feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub nyoog qis dua 40 xyoo.
Kev khiav dej num ntawm cov paj hlwb
No cov qauv organic sib txawv los ntawm lwm tus neeg hauv ib lub qauv tshwj xeeb. Qhov paj ntawm optic yog ib qho dawb medulla uas nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyob. Nws yog txuas nrog lub nuclei ntawm diencephalon thiab txuas nrog lub loj hemispheres. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov paj hlwb yog kev pom kev ntawm qhov kev muaj tiag. Nws pib chawv yog lub qhov muag receptors ntawm retina (cones thiab rods). Lawv tsim ib qho hluav taws xob impulse uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub teeb thiab xim ntawm ib tus neeg pom, thiab xa mus rau lub hlwb.
Kab mob dab tsi yog optic neuritis?
Lub ncauj lus nug thiab cov tswv yim ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob tseem tab tom kawm los ntawm cov kws kho mob. Neuritis yog ib qho kev mob ntawm cov paj hlwb. Nyob ntawm nws qhov chaw thiab qhov twg, tus kab mob no raug cais ua 3 hom:
- retrobulbar neuritis;
- papillitis;
- neuroretinitis.
Retrobulbar neuritis ntawm lub paj hlwb
Qhov no ntawm tus kab mob no yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev poob ntawm cov organic qauv sab nraum lub eyeball. Cov kev kho mob zoo li neuritis no tsuas yog ib pob khoom ntawm cov hlab hlwb ua paj hlwb. Cov hlab ntsha thiab lub retina nyob twj ywm tsis-inflamed. Cov kab mob optic neuritis feem ntau tsuas cuam tshuam ib qhov muag xwb. Pathology sai sai sai heev thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj mob loj. Qhov kev tsim txiaj tshaj plaws feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm lossis tsis pom kev tsis pom kev.
Intrabulbar neuritis
Cov kev qhia txog inflammatory txoj kev cuam tshuam tsis yog tsuas yog lub nras ntawm fibers, tab sis kuj lub disk ntawm optic paj. Tus kab mob no nyob hauv cheeb tsam uas nws txuas mus rau retina. Ntxiv mus, lub papillitis ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm optic yuav ua rau mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas pub lub kua. Hom kab mob no kuj nce zuj zus thiab feem ntau xaus rau ntawm kev tsis pom kev tsis pom kev.
Neuroretinitis ntawm lub qhov muag
Xam neuritis ntawm tus kab mob optic yog qhov feem ntau txaus ntshai ntawm pathology. Cov txheej txheem inflammatory ib txhij cuam tshuam rau ob leeg neuroconductive fiber pob, lub disc thiab tag nrho cov retina. Kab mob optic hlwb yog fraught nrog cov txim loj. Qhov nyuaj tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob hom kab mob no yog nws cov tshuaj asymptomatic thaum pib ntawm kev mob.
Optic neuritis - ua rau
Lub tswv yim ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pathology yog demyelination. Qhov no yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm sab txheej txheej (plhaub) ntawm cov hlab ntsha paj yeeb, uas ua kom pom kev zoo ntawm cov impulses. Feem ntau, retrobulbar neuritis ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm optic yog kuaj seb puas muaj ntau yam kab mob sclerosis, uas yog los ntawm demyelination. Tsis ntev los no cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam tau qhia tias tus kab mob uas tau piav qhia txog kev puas tsuaj rau kev puas tsuaj rau neurons thiab cov phom. Qhov tseem ceeb rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub hlwb tseem tsis tau tsim.
Ntxiv rau cov kev khav theeb, optic neuritis tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog cov teeb meem nram qab no:
- hom kab mob, mob hnyuv thiab mob ntev;
- o ntawm lub hlwb thiab nws cov hnub;
- pathology ntawm cev xeeb tub;
- kev raug mob mechanical;
- cov kab mob ntawm nasopharynx;
- kab mob venereal ;
- muaj kev mob ntawm qhov muag;
- dej cawv, tshuaj lom neeg (tshuaj lom optic neuritis);
- kab mob ntawm qhov ncauj kab noj hniav;
- influenza los yog lwm yam kab mob ntsws mob kis kab mob;
- beriberi;
- ntshav qab zib mellitus ;
- kev txhaum fab hnyav heev;
- pathology ntawm cov ntshav thiab cov ntaub so ntswg;
- mob raum thiab lwm tus.
Cov kab mob hu ua optic neuritis - cov tsos mob
Daim duab saib mob ntawm tus kab mob yog nyob ntawm nws cov duab thiab cov degree. Hauv cov kws kho mob feem ntau hauv ophthalmologist, optic neuritis thawj zaug tsis pom muaj mob, tom qab uas kev tshwm sim ntawm pathology dheev tshwm sim. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 90% ntawm cov neeg mob, yog ib qho deterioration hauv kev pom acuity, qee cov neeg poob nws kiag li. Nws muaj lwm cov nta uas nrog kev mob ntawm cov kab mob optic - cov tsos mob:
- ua txhaum ntawm qhov kev pom tseeb ntawm cov xim;
- mob hauv qhov muag, feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lawv txav mus los;
- dig muag qhov chaw hauv thaj tsam ntawm saib, feem ntau nyob hauv qhov chaw;
- qeeb hloov thaum tsaus ntuj (li 3 feeb lossis tshaj saud);
- deterioration ntawm lub zeem muag nrog kev nce hauv lub cev kub los yog chaw nyob (Uthoff tus yeeb yam);
- photopsy (glowing me ntsis, flashes thiab lwm yam phenomena) ua ntej qhov muag.
Kev kho pob paj hlwb (Optic neuritis) - mob
Rau lub sij hawm teem tseg ntawm kev kho kom yog, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob. Tus kws kho mob yuav tsum paub seb tus kab mob optic hlwb puas zoo zuj zus - cov tsos mob thiab kev kho tau zoo yog nyob ntawm seb daim plhaw. Kev tshawb nrhiav hauv kev kuaj mob tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Neuritis (muaj) ntawm lub paj hlwb raug txiav txim siab raws li tus neeg mob cov lus tsis txaus siab thiab kuaj mob (kuaj ntawm fundus, fluorescent angiography). Nyob rau hauv parallel, txawv yog nqa tawm nrog lwm cov kab mob zoo sib xws.
Kev kho mob hlwb - kho
Tus kab mob uas tau nthuav qhia feem ntau raug rau tus kheej-remission, tab sis kev kho yog tsim nyog. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsim muaj dab tsi ua qhov muag kho hlwb neuritis - txoj kev kho mob nyob ntawm seb qhov pathogen ntawm o tuaj. Cov txheej txheem sib txuam tseem ceeb yog kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj hormonal. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, immunoglobulins thiab plasmapheresis raug sau tseg.
Antibiotics rau kev kho mob hlwb
Yog hais tias qhov txheej txheem inflammatory pib tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm kab mob microbial, yuav tsum siv cov suppressants. Optic neuritis yog kev tswj hwm tshuaj tua kab mob (broad-spectrum antibiotics):
- Ampicillin ;
- Ertapenem;
- Kev Lag Luam;
- Levofloxacin;
- Amoxicillin;
- Ciprofloxacin ;
- Meropenem;
- Levomycetin;
- Moxifloxacin thiab analogues.
Nws yog txwv tsis pub siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antimicrobial nrog kev txiav txim siab ototoxic:
- Neomycin;
- Kanamycin;
- Streptomycin;
- Gentamicin.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsis qhia thaum tus kab mob ua rau tus kab mob ntsws ntawm tus mob optic - kev kho nyob rau hauv xws li ib qho teeb meem yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj uas tsim nyog:
- Famciclovir;
- Cycloferon;
- Valaciclovir;
- Panavir ;
- Acyclovir;
- Famvir;
- Valvir thiab lwm tus.
Kho cov kab mob neuritis: kev kho mob nrog prednisolone - cov koob tshuaj txhaj
Txoj kev yooj yim ntawm kev txo cov txheej txheem inflammatory yog siv cov corticosteroid hormones. Qhov no yog txoj kev ceev tshaj plaws thiab txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws los kho cov paj hlwb ntawm paj hlwb ntawm txhua yam zoo. Cov tswv yim kho kho tam sim no muaj xws li ib zaug ntawm 1 ml ntawm Dexamethasone (0.4% tov) thiab ib qho Prednisolone.
Qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm lub xeem qhia npaj yog xaiv ib tus zuj zus, pib ntawm 0.005 g 4-6 zaug ib hnub twg. Cov kev kho mob nrog Prednisolone yog 5 hnub, tab sis nws cov nyiaj yuav tsum maj mam txo mus rau 0.001 g hauv 24 xuab moos. Qhov kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm Dexamethasone yog 10-15 cov txheej txheem. Hauv kev ua haujlwm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum txhaj cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj (Reopoliglyukin, Gemodez) thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm uas ua kom muaj kev sib tov microcirculation (Nicergoline, Txoj Haujlwm).
Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo los ntawm cov tshuaj vitamins:
- thiamine;
- nicotinic acid;
- pyridoxine los yog qhov kev daws teeb meem.
Optical neuritis - kev kho plawv
Txoj kev xav tias yuav raug siv tsis tshua muaj kev siv, tsuas yog tias cov kev pib yooj yim yog tsis muaj txiaj ntsim los yog cov kab mob ntawm cov keeb kwm autoimmune. Txoj kev kho plab ntswj hauv kev kho mob ntawm optic neuritis yog cov tshuaj tso cai ntawm cov koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab corticosteroid, piv txwv li, Methylprednisolone. Tus neeg mob tau txais 0.5 rau 1 g ntawm yeeb tshuaj txhua txhua 6 teev rau 3-5 hnub. Tom qab tiav hluav taws xob ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej, txoj kev kho yog maj mam pauv mus rau tus qauv txheem.
Optic neuritis - kev kho mob nrog tshuaj tua neeg
Vim muaj ntau yam vim li cas rau qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob uas tau piav qhia, nws qhov kev mob sai thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo, nws txwv tsis pub koom nrog kev kho tus kheej. Cov pej xeem muaj kev tso cai thov tsuas yog siv tau tom qab kev pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho mob thiab nws hauv kev tswj xyuas tas li. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev kho kom zoo. Lwm txoj kev tuaj yeem yog ua haujlwm pabcuam nkaus xwb.
Qhov muag compresses
Cov khoom xyaw :
- Freshly squeezed kua txiv los ntawm nplooj ntawm aloe - 1 teaspoon;
- txias boiled dej - 5 teaspoons.
Kev npaj, daim ntawv thov
- Sib tov cov khoom xyaw.
- Saturate cov kab paj yeeb uas ua rau paj rwb.
- Siv lawv rau koj ob lub qhov muag rau 15 feeb.
- Rov ua haujlwm rov qab 6-8 zaug ib hnub twg.
Mummy rau kev kho mob ntawm optic neuritis
Cov khoom xyaw :
- dej huv - 90 ml;
- freshly squeezed aloe kua txiv - 10 ml;
- Mummy - 5 g.
Kev npaj, daim ntawv thov
- Co cov dej nrog kua zaub.
- Dissolve nyob rau hauv cov kua mummy no.
- Tuaj nrog tus neeg tau txais kev pom zoo ob lub qhov muag ntawm 1 poob.
- Muab daim di muag qhib rau ib nrab feeb.
- Rov 2 zaug ib hnub twg.
Kho syrup los ntawm neuritis
Cov khoom xyaw :
- ntsuab ntoo thuv cones - 100 g;
- paj thiab nplooj ntawm fragrant rue - 50-70 g;
- txiv qaub - 1 daim;
- qab zib - 1 khob;
- dej - 2 liv.
Kev npaj, daim ntawv thov
- Sib tov cones, paj thiab nplooj.
- Ncuav lawv nrog dej npau npau.
- Ntxiv lub txiv qaub, ntxuav thiab txiav mus rau 4 qhov chaw (nrog rau tev thiab pob txha).
- Ntxiv qab zib.
- Lub resulting sib tov yog boiled.
- Txo qhov kev siv ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab noj lub syrup rau 30 feeb.
- Npog qhov khoom nrog lub hau, hais kom ib feem peb ntawm ib teev.
- Txiav cov tshuaj.
- Haus 1 tbsp. diav ua ntej noj mov, 3 zaug ib hnub twg.