Feem ntau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, cov niam txiv thiab cov me nyuam sib tham nrog tus xib fwb thiab cov neeg saib xyuas kev tswj hwm (tus thawj coj thiab nws cov neeg sawv cev rau txoj kev kawm). Tab sis yuav kom muaj kev kawm zoo ntxiv, lub tsev kawm ntawv tseem muaj tus kws kho mob siab, ib tus xib fwb, ib tug engineer safety thiab ib tug xib fwb hauv kev kawm ntawv. Feem ntau cov niam txiv tsis paub txawm tias muaj dab tsi hauv lawv txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm thiab nrog cov lus nug lawv tuaj yeem tig rau lawv los pab.
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, cia peb saib ib tus xibfwb qhia ntawv li cas thiab nws ua haujlwm dabtsi hauv tsev kawm ntawv.
Leej twg yog tus xib fwb hauv tsev kawm ntawv?
Ib tug kws qhia ntawv yog ib tus neeg uas muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ib tsev neeg, ib lub tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm uas lawv tus menyuam tau txais kev kawm thiab lwm cov koom haum.
Lub tsev kawm ntawv tus xib fwb muaj kev kawm txog kev puas siab ntsws thiab lub hnub nyoog ntawm txhua tus me nyuam kawm ntawv, npaj ntau hom kev ua si, pab txhawb kev cai lij choj thiab kev txhawb pab rau tus me nyuam thiab tsev neeg, ua tus coj kev ua niam txiv thiab cov xib fwb ua los tiv thaiv qhov tsis zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm cov me nyuam nyuaj.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus xib fwb hauv tsev kawm ntawv yog kom muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog:
- cov me nyuam ntawm pawg "neeg muaj kev txaus ntshai";
- niam txiv;
- tub ceev xwm cov koom haum;
- kev tiv thaiv tsev neeg ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm;
- pedagogical collective.
Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov xibfwb qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv
Lub ntsiab kev khiav dej num uas kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov xibfwb nyob yog:
- tsim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv hauv zej zog, tshwj xeeb hauv cov chav kawm;
- lub koom haum ntawm cov sij hawm kawm ntawv ntxiv rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv, lawv suav nrog cov haujlwm tseem ceeb, kev koom tes ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab kev cob qhia hauv zej zog, ntau hom kev koom tes ntawm cov laus thiab cov menyuam;
- kev sib txuas lus nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv cov tsev neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm cov "risk group"
- tiv thaiv ntawm cov cai ntawm tus menyuam, suav nrog kev ua phem ntawm niam txiv
- kev tsim ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov xib fwb thiab cov me nyuam;
- muab kev pab rau cov menyuam thiab lawv tsev neeg los daws cov teeb meem thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb;
- sawv cev thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev xav ntawm cov menyuam thiab lawv tsev neeg nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev pabcuam pejxeem thiab tsoomfwv cov koomhaum;
- lub koom haum ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj psychoactive.
Yuav kom ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm, tus kws qhia ntawv muaj txoj cai:
- ua tus sawv cev thiab tus neeg tawm tswv yim txog kev txaus siab ntawm cov menyuam hauv cov kev pabcuam hauv lub koomhaum hauv zos thiab cov tub ceev xwm (hauv tsev hais plaub, tub ceev xwm);
- sau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tsev neeg, kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib tham thiab kev ntsuas mob;
- xa cov lus nug tuaj rau cov koomhaum pabcuam pejxeem thiab lub xeev cov haujlwm uas muaj feem txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus xibfwb qhia ntawv;
- ua haujlwm rau kev kawm txog tsev neeg txoj kev kawm: mus xyuas tom tsev los txheeb xyuas cov vaj tse thiab lawv cov khoom tsis huv, xyuas cov kev tuaj xyuas, sib tham hauv cov neeg zej zog.
Nws yog rau tus kws qhia ntawv hais tias koj tuaj yeem thov kev pab rau cov tsev neeg ntawm cov menyuam tsis taus, cov neeg txom nyem, cov saib xyuas thiab cov saib xyuas ntawm cov menyuam yaus.
Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib tug social pedagogue yog tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm, uas muaj xws li:
- kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov hluas;
- kev tiv thaiv kev haus luam yeeb , dej cawv thiab tshuaj yeeb;
- nce qib ntawm kev noj qab haus huv txoj kev ua neej;
- kev koom tes ntawm dawb lub sij hawm: voj voog, kis las, nyiam tuaj yeem ua haujlwm pub dawb lossis koom nrog cov haujlwm sib raug zoo.
Qhov kev ua ntawm tus xib fwb hauv tsev kawm ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nyuaj nyuaj ntawm kev cai lij choj, kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua phem nyob rau hauv tsev neeg thiab cov menyuam ua txhaum, cov me nyuam xav tau kev pab thiab kev xav ntawm lub hlwb.