Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav uas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem tshawb tau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tsos mob xws li kub cev, tsis muaj zog, kiv taub hau, paub cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev thiab lub tshuab, yog kev kuaj ntshav. Raws li txoj cai, nws raug xaiv los ntawm tus thawj kws kho mob thawj zaug, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob uas tsis tshua muaj tsis txaus qhia rau qhov kev kuaj mob tseeb.
Txoj kev kuaj ntshav soj ntsuam li cas?
Ua tsaug rau txoj kev tshawb nrhiav txog kev tshawb nrhiav, nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas tau:
- cuam tshuam ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov vascular phab ntsa;
- lub chav kawm ntawm kev ywj pheej;
- anemia;
- helminthic invasions;
- malignant neoplasms;
- hluav taws xob mob;
- kis kab mob thiab lwm yam pathologies.
Qhov no tso cai rau koj los txiav txim seb qhov tsis (qhov yooj yim) ntawm kev kuaj ntshav cov ntshav:
- Leukocytes yog cov qe ntshav dawb, lawv muaj feem xyuam rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob, kev paub, kev tsis tuaj yeem thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob pathogenic thiab hlwb.
- Erythrocytes - liab qe ntshav, yog tsim nyog rau kev thauj cov pa oxygen thiab carbon dioxide.
- Hemoglobin yog cov pigment ntawm erythrocytes, muab lawv cov khoom piav saum toj no.
- Cov xim ntawm cov ntshav yog qhov value uas qhia tias ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov roj ntsha hauv cov ntshav liab.
- Hematocrit - qhov feem pua ntawm erythrocytes thiab ntshav.
- Reticulocytes yog immature (cov tub ntxhais hluas) cov ntaub ntawv ntawm erythrocytes, lawv predecessors.
- Platelets - ntshav platelets, yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov txheej txheem ntawm ntshav khaus.
- Lymphocytes - hlwb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, sib ntaus nrog cov neeg mob cov kab mob ntawm cov kis kab mob.
- ESR yog qhov ua cov kua qaub erythrocyte, qhov taw qhia ntawm kev mob ntsws nyob hauv lub cev.
Ntxiv rau cov kev txwv no, kev ntsuam xyuas ntshav kuaj dav dav lossis dav dua qub yuav muaj xws li lwm yam kev tshawb fawb:
1. Erythrocyte indices:
- qhov nruab nrab ntim ntawm ib qho erythrocyte;
- dav ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm erythrocytes;
- qhov ntsiab lus nruab nrab ntawm hemoglobin nyob rau hauv txhua erythrocyte;
- coefficient ntawm loj erythrocytes;
- qhov nruab nrab concentration ntawm hemoglobin nyob rau hauv tag nrho erythrocyte loj.
2. Leukocyte indices:
- txheeb ze thiab meej cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov dej ntawm basophils , monocytes thiab eosinophils;
- tus txheeb ze thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom sau saum toj no;
- cov txheeb ze thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm neutrophils;
- cov txheeb ze thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm granulocytes;
- cov txheeb ze thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm atypical lymphocytes.
3. Cov hlab ntsha hauv plab:
- heterogeneity (dav ntawm kev faib);
- thrombocrit;
- qhov nruab nrab ntawm ib platelet.
Kev ntsuam xyuas ntshav tau muab rau ntawm ib lub plab uas khoob los tsis tau?
Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb tsis tas yuav tsum ua qhov kev tshawb fawb nug, nws yuav tsum tau ua rau ntawm lub plab tas. Cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom noj cov khoom siv roj ntsha tsis pub dhau 8 teev tom qab noj mov.
Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias tej zaum ib qho kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov ntshav los ntawm cov leeg. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob nws yog tsim nyog tsis tsuas yog tsis noj mov ua ntej yuav mus rau laboratory, tab sis tsis txhob haus. Ib khob dej hauv dej yuav txo tau cov ntaub ntawv thiab qhov tseeb ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb.
Cov kev ntsuas ntawm kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov kev kuaj ntshav
Cov ntsiab lus siv ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb tau piav qhia yog raws li hauv qab no:
- leukocytes - 4,5-11 txhiab / mkl;
- erythrocytes - 3.8-5.1 lab / μL;
- hemoglobin - 11,7-15,5 g / dl;
- xim xim ntawm ntshav - 27-31 pg;
- hematocrit - 35-45%;
- reticulocytes - 180-320 txhiab / μl;
- platelets - 150-400 txhiab / mkl;
- lymphocytes - 19-37%;
- ESR - 0-15 hli / h.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias cov cai tau tsim muaj qhov txawv ntawm tus neeg laus lub hnub nyoog thiab kev sib deev ntawm tus neeg, thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv txoj kev sim.