Leprosy los yog mob ruas yog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob hlob tshaj plaws hauv cov ntawv sau thaum ub. Lub ntiaj teb peak ntawm qhov tshwm sim poob rau XII - XIV ib-paus xyoo thiab nyob rau hauv cov hnub cov neeg mob mob ruas tau mus tas li ntawm txoj cai rau lub neej hauv zej zog. Xav seb dab tsi muaj tus kab mob, dab tsi yog qhov tshwm sim thiab cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob leprosy, thiab seb nws kho li cas.
Kev faib khoom, kev kis cov kab mob thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov mob ruas
Mus rau hnub tim, tus kab mob no yog tsawg heev, thiab nws yog thoob plaws, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv teb chaws sov teb chaws. Qee thaj chaw ntawm Brazil, Is Nrias teb, Nepal, thiab teb chaws Africa yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov no. Qhov zoo yog raug rau cov neeg uas muaj kev txom nyem, nrog rau kev mob ntawm cov kab mob uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog .
Tus kab mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj tus kab mob hauv tsev neeg ntawm mycobacteria, hu ua Hansen chopsticks (bacilli) - los ntawm lub npe ntawm tus kws kho mob uas pom lawv. Cov kab mob no muaj cov khoom zoo li cov kab mob tuberculosis, tab sis tseem tsis tuaj yeem muab tsim tawm rau hauv kev tawm dag zog. Yog li ntawd, cov nqaij ntuag ntawm leprosy tsis pom lawv tus kheej ntev. Qhov tsim kom ntev li 3-5 xyoos lossis ntau dua. Tus kab mob kis tau los ntawm kev tawm ntawm lub qhov ncauj thiab lub qhov ntswg, nrog kev sib cuag thiab nquag hu nrog cov neeg mob uas tsis tau txais kev kho mob.
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob Leprosy
Muaj ob hom ntaub ntawv ntawm kab mob qaub ncaug nrog cov kab mob sib txawv. Cia peb xav txog txhua tus ntawm lawv hauv kev xav paub ntau tshaj.
Tuberculoid leprosy
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus kab mob cuam tshuam, nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab, lub peripheral raws ntswg system. Nws cov tsos mob tshwm sim yog raws li nram no:
- qhov tsos ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm ib lub chaw nrhav hypopigmented nrog cov qauv kev nthuav dav uas maj mam nce, thiab nws qhov chaw sawv nws thiaj li sawv; central thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw atrophies thiab cov dab dej, hauv kev ua kom pom tseeb ntawm qhov lesion, tsis muaj cov qij plaub hau thiab hws qog;
- thickening ntawm qab haus huv innervating qhov txhab (nerves yog probed ze qhov chaw);
- nqaij atrophy, txuam nrog kev poob siab ntawm qab haus huv (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm tes);
- txwv ntawm kev txav ntawm cov pob qij txha ntawm tes thiab taw;
- qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob ntawm txhais tes thiab ob txhais taw, uas ua rau mus rau tsim ntawm neurotrophic ulcers;
- necrotizing thiab rejection ntawm phalanges;
- impossibility ntawm tag nrho kaw qhov muag daj, uas ua rau pom ntawm keratitis, corneal ulcers (nyob rau hauv case ntawm lesion ntawm lub ntsej muag paj).
Lepromatous leprosy
Daim ntawv no ntawm tus kab mob no muaj ib qho kev hnyav dua thiab nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tshwm sim xws li:
- qhov tsos mob ntawm qhov ntswg, qhov ntswg , ua tsis taus pa;
- swb ntawm qhov hnoos qog ntawm lub larynx, txhaws qaib;
- ntau ntxiv inguinal thiab axillary lymph nodes;
- qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tawv nqaij mob loj heev hauv daim ntawv me me, pob ntshav los yog cov papules uas muaj qhov sib txawv thiab qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw (convex center) (feem ntau muaj tshwm sim ntawm lub ntsej muag, pob ntseg, lauj tshib, pob tw thiab hauv siab);
- poob ntawm tsag;
- disorder ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab kev ua txhaum ntawm lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag vim yog lub zog tawv ntawm daim tawv nqaij (qhov tsim ntawm lub npe "lion ntsej muag");
- proliferation ntawm pob ntseg lobes;
- qhov ntswg qhov ntswg nrog txuam nrog
perforation ntawm qhov ntswg septum thiab cartilage deformation; - qhov tshwm sim ntawm keratitis, iridocyclitis hauv qhov nkag mus ntawm Hansen tus bacilli mus rau hauv qhov muag;
- ib tug txo nyob rau hauv lub rhiab heev ntawm peripheral qhov chaw ntawm lub nqua.
Kev kho mob ntawm leprosy
Tus kab mob no yuav tsum tau kho ntev (2-3 xyoos lossis ntau dua) nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb (kws kho lub cev, tus kws kho mob, tus kws kho mob, kws kho mob, thiab lwm yam). Kev siv tshuaj kho yog raws li kev haus ntawm sulfonic tshuaj thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov neeg mob nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm cov neeg mob kho mob yog nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb - leprosariums.