Feem ntau cov neeg xav txog kev mob ntsws cancer yog cov kab mob loj tshaj ntawm txoj hlab ntsws. Muaj kuj muaj kev sib thooj tshwj xeeb, tsis txuas nrog oncology - COPD. Nws cuam tshuam rau cov poj niam thiab cov txiv neej, nws tsis tshua meej zuj zus, nws yooj yim los kho, ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab ntau zaus thaum tuag ntxov ntawm ib tug neeg.
COPD - hom kab mob dab tsi yog nws?
Cov kab lus no yog rau cov kab mob nyhav los ntawm obstructive pulmonary. Qhov no yog ib qho kev ywj pheej ywj siab, uas yog cov tsos mob ntawm cov huab cua ntws hauv cov hlab cua. Cov kab mob zoo li no tsis kho kom zoo, txoj kev kho tsuas yog pab kho cov tsos mob thiab ua rau me nyuam lub neej tsis muaj zog ntxiv, tab sis qhov kev mob nkeeg no zoo li qub, thiab txhua txhua xyoo nws yuav nyuaj rau ib tus neeg ua pa.
COPD kev faib tawm
Muaj 3 hom kev sib txawv ntawm cov kev xav ntawm pathology nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug. Tus thawj tus txiav txim siab hauv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kab mob dab tsi ntawm obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - emphysema lossis bronchitis tshwm sim. Qhov kev cais thib ob yog ntsuas tawm ntawm cov theem ntawm tus kab mob (remission thiab exacerbation). Tshooj thib peb rau cov cwj pwm txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm COPD:
- lub teeb;
- nruab nrab;
- hnyav;
- tsis tshua muaj hnyav.
COPD ua rau
Qhov teeb meem tau piav qhia yog kev cuam tshuam los ntawm stimulation ntawm lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg nrog ntau hom pathogenic, roj thiab co toxins. Nws yooj yim dua nrog nyob nrog tus kab mob no, yog tias koj to taub qhov essence of COPD - nws yog dab tsi, nws kho li cas. Cov txheej txheem inflammatory pib nyob rau hauv mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm bronchi. Slime yog tso tawm rau hauv ntau ntxiv thiab ua ntau dua khov. Tom qab, tus kab mob sib kis, thiab tus mob kis mus rau bronchi, alveoli thiab bronchioles, kab mob ntsws loj hlob tuaj COPD.
Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas (li ntawm 90% ntawm cov neeg mob) ntawm cov txheej txheem yog haus luam yeeb ntawm cov khoom luam yeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau ib lub sij hawm ntev. Lwm yam tseem ceeb uas ua rau COPD yog:
- kev cog qoob loo;
- nqus pa ntawm pa luam yeeb ( passive smoking );
- kev ua haujlwm;
- Huab cua hauv hav cua lossis hauv tsev;
- nquag kis kab mob rau thaum yau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog tias lawv tsis kho.
COPD - cov tsos mob
Cov duab kos nyob ntawm seb lub ncauj ntawm cov kab mob pathology. Qhov siab tshaj qhov loj, qhov ua tau zoo zog ntawm COPD. Tus kab mob tau nthuav qhia muaj ib hom kab mob ntawm cov tsos mob xws li:
- hnoos;
- hnoos qeev siab;
- ua tsis taus pa luv luv .
COPD - mob hnyav
Cov theem kev mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog txiav txim siab los ntawm spirometry, los ntawm qhov ntim ntawm qhov kev siv sijhawm ntev hauv 1 thib ob (FEV1), lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntsws (ZHEL) thiab muaj cov duab uas tau piav saum toj no. Cov theem ntawm COPD yog cov tsos mob li nram qab no:
- Yooj yim - txoj kev ua pa yog me ntsis worsened, tab sis FEV1 thiab ZHEL indices nyob ze rau qhov qub. Kev hnoos thiab hnoos qeev yuav tsis tuaj yeem los sis tsis muaj zog, kho tau zoo.
- Qhov nruab nrab - cim kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ua pa, uas yog kev pom zoo los ntawm kev soj ntsuam (Spirometry) (FEV1 tsawg tshaj li 80% ntawm tus qauv, qhov sib piv rau GEL yog qis dua 70% ntawm qhov tseem ceeb). Qee lub sij hawm muaj hnoos nrog tso ntawm hnoos qeev thiab dyspnea.
- Mob hnyav - ib qho kev puas tsuaj loj hauv kev ua pa, FEV1 tsawg dua 50% ntawm tus nqi. Muaj ib triad ntawm cov tsos mob tshwm sim uas yuav kho tau yooj yim.
- Tsis tshua muaj neeg mob heev - qhov qhia tias kev ua pa tsis muaj zog txaus lawm. Tag nrho cov cim qhia ntawm pathology raug cai yuav luag tas li.
Hnoos nrog COPD
Cov tsos mob ntawm kev ua pa thaum ntxov, tab sis cov neeg mob feem ntau tsis them nyiaj rau nws. Kev tsis lees paub yog vim muaj kev tsis paub txog COPD tsawg - nws yog dab tsi, yuav kho li cas thiab kho. Thaum haus luam yeeb hnyav raug txiav txim siab "phom sij", ces cov neeg haus luam yeeb ntawm cov khoom luam yeeb tsis xa qhov tseem ceeb rau nws. Thaum ntxov, cov tsos mob no tshwm sim thaum caij nyoog. Raws li cov kab mob pathology loj hlob, hnoos yuav ntau heev kom txog thaum txhua hnub tawm tsam.
Yog hais tias qhov degree ntawm tus kab mob yog me heev, phlegm hauv COPD yog ua rau me me. Nws yog khov, mucous thiab nyuaj rau expectorate, cov neeg haus luam yeeb muaj ib qho tsis hnov tsw tsw. Cov kab mob COPD ntau dua li cov tsos mob yuav ua kom muaj zog thiab kho tsis zoo. Cov hnoos qeev muaj excreted nplua mias thiab nrog rau txhua qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hnoos. Hauv qee tus neeg mob, nws muaj kua paug, qhov no qhia tau hais tias tus kab mob thiab tus kab mob pathology. Tawm sab nraud, qe ntshauv yog ua rau me me.
Dyspnoea nrog COPD
Qhov no feature ntawm tus kab mob no tsis yog hais txog cov kev qhia ntxov ntawm kev sib thab. Dyspnea tshwm sim li 10 xyoo tom qab pib hnoos. Ua ntej, nws tsuas yog muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog tus mob COPD - kev sib zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog rau cov kab mob sib kis, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv kev ua pa. Nyob rau hauv lig theem ntawm dyspnea tshwm tas li, nyuaj kho. Ntaus ob peb degrees ntawm hom mob no nyob ntawm seb qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim:
- 0 - tsuas yog tawm tsam cov keeb kwm ntawm cev nqaij daim tawv xwb;
- 1 - nrog kev ceev nrooj thiab kev nce ubno;
- 2 - txawm tias muaj kauj ruam ceev me ntsis;
- 3 - nyuab nyuab ua pa thaum taug kev, koj yuav tau nres txhua txhua 100 m;
- 4 - thaum lub cev qaug zog me me (disguise, ntxuav hauv da dej).
Kev kuaj ntawm COPD
Tus kws kho mob-pulmonologist tuaj yeem lees paub tias muaj cov kab mob uas tau piav qhia. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj tus mob COPD thiab bronchial hawb pob. Cov kab mob no muaj ib daim duab zoo tib yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ntxov ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Txoj kev kuaj mob yog qhov yuav pab kom ntsuam xyuas cov kab mob COPD - nws yog dab tsi, nws kho li cas, vim li cas nws muaj kev vam meej. Kom paub meej tias tus kab mob no, cov kev tshawb fawb hauv qab no, kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv:
- hnoos qeev tsom;
- spirometry ;
- kev txiav txim ntawm qhov kev ua ntawm sab nraud respiration;
- kev soj ntsuam roj;
- pneumotachography;
- khoos phis tawj;
- radiography ntawm lub ntsws ;
- pikfluometriya;
- scintigraphy.
COPD - kev kho mob
Ib theem tseem ceeb hauv kev kho tus mob pathology no qeeb nws qhov kev mob thiab kev tiv thaiv kev mob huam tuaj. Ua ntej yuav kho cov tshuaj COPD nrog cov tshuaj, tus neeg mob ntawm pulmonologist yuav tsum tsis kam siv los ntawm cov khoom luam yeeb, kom txo qee yam ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv kev ua pa. Qhov kev qhia no yuav pab txo qhov kev mob ntawm qhov hnoos qog ntawm lub bronchi thiab lub ntsws, qhov no yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev ua pa.
COPD - kev kho, tshuaj
Txoj kev kho kom txuag tau raug xaiv ib tus zuj zus, raws li theem ntawm tus kab mob, qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsos mob thiab qhov ua kom qaug zog. Yav dhau los, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum piav qhia rau tus neeg mob lub ntsiab ntawm kev sib ntaus tawm tsam COPD - nws yog dab tsi, nws kho li cas, nws yuav tsum tso li cas. Ua kom tsis txhob muaj kev nrhau tsis yooj yim, tab sis nws txo qhov kev siv ntawm nws cov cim thiab ua kom lub neej zoo dua qub. Siv tshuaj hauv COPD:
- Mucolytics. Cov kws tshuaj no pab txhawb rau cov kua nplaum ntawm cov hnoos qeev thiab pab nws tshem tawm ntawm lub bronchi, uas tiv thaiv cov kab mob ntawm tus kab mob. COPD raug kho nrog cov kab mob ncaj nraim thiab tsis ncaj nraim. Cov tshuaj ntawm cov thawj hais los ntawm pawg (Trypsin, Chymotrypsin) nrog cov hnoos qeev twb tso tawm lawm, dilute mucus thiab ua kom nws khiav tawm. Qhov thib ob hom mucolytics (Bromhexin, Ambroxol) txo cov kev siv cov ntsig txog kev ntsoj ntsws. Kuj muaj cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke uas muab ob qho tib si.
- Bronchodilators (bronchodilators). Xws li cov tshuaj noj so cov leeg ntawm cov hlab cua ntawm cov pa, uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog thiab nres cov txheej txheem obstructive. Cov tshuaj no muaj xws li Formoterol, Atrovent, Salmeterol, Spiriva thiab lwm tus.
- Tshuaj tua kab mob. Thaum lub sijhawm cov kab mob COPD exacerbations, hnoos qeev tuaj rau hauv cov ntsws thiab bronchi, uas pab txhawb kev mob ntawm cov kab mob. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov teeb meem no, sau cov tshuaj tua kab mob - cephalosporins (2nd tiam), penicillins, clavulanic acid preparations.
- Glucocorticosteroids. Mob rov huam mob tuaj ib txwm pib nrog txoj kev ua kom muaj zog. Nws yog pab los ntawm hormones, feem ntau Prednisolone thiab nws cov analogs siv.
- Tivthaiv cov kws sibtham thiab cov neeg tuaj yeem pom zoo. Feem ntau cov kab mob glucocorticosteroids muaj kev phiv loj heev, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob tsis zoo. Los hloov lawv, cov tshuaj no yog siv - Erespal, Fenspiride.
Ua pa hauv COPD
Nrog kev rov ua kom tsis muaj teeb meem, kev xa rov qab rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov hnoos hawb pob rau cov kab mob ntsws yog yuav tsum tau ceev nrooj kom txo tau qhov mob ntxiv. Vim li no, COPD txoj kev kho yog ua rau feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj nqus tau. Glucocorticosteroids thiab tshuaj tua kab mob zoo tshaj plaws yog muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub tshuaj tsuag. Xws li cov kws kho mob yuav tsum yog tus kws kho mob xwb. Lwm hom kev nqhis dej, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev, tsis raug nquahu kom tsis muaj kev sab laj nrog kws kho mob.
Ua pa ua pa nrog COPD
Kev ua tshwj xeeb yog tsim nyog rau:
- kev txhim kho qhov cua;
- tshem tawm cov tsos mob ntawm kev ua pa tsis ua hauj lwm;
- kev tiv thaiv ntawm txuam nrog pleural effusion;
- ntxiv dag zog ntawm cov leeg nqaij;
- tshem tawm ntawm lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm hauv lub ntsws.
Gymnastics hauv COPD:
- Pib txoj haujlwm - zaum ntawm ib lub rooj zaum, nias nws tus txha caj qaum tiv thaiv nws sab nraud. Ua pa luv luv hauv lub qhov ntswg, ua pa tawm los ntawm cov di ncauj ntawm lub di ncauj.
- Ib qho teeb meem zoo li no. Xwb kom tsa koj ob txhais tes kom nqus tau thiab txo qis rau thaum lub sijhawm kuaj qis.
- Dawb thiab maj mam nqus tau. Tuav lub pa rau 1-3 lij. Kom nqig exhale.
- Yuav tsum tau nyob ntawm ntug ntawm lub rooj zaum, kom txo cov tes ntawm ob sab ntawm lub pob tw, me ntsis slouching. Maj mam nqhis thiab ncaj nraim rau lub xub pwg nyom, ua pa tawm, rov qab mus rau qhov chaw pib.
Muaj lwm txoj hau kev rau kev ua kom lub cev hauv COPD:
- los ntawm Strelnikova;
- los ntawm Buteyko;
- Tolkachev;
- rau Neumyvakin.
COPD - kev kho mob nrog kev kho neeg pej xeem
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog tsis ntseeg txog hom kev kho no. Ua ntsuas tas nrho cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv COPD - nws yog dab tsi, nws kho li cas thiab nyuab npaum li cas, kev ua tau zoo, kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov pej xeem muaj tsawg dua. Ib co pulmonologists cia lawv cov neeg mob siv lwm yam zaub mov, tab sis tsuas yog tom qab kev sib tham tas hnub. Nws tsis yog ib txwm yuav tsum tau siv cov txheej txheem uas tsis yog kev cai, yog hais tias muaj cov kab mob obstructive pulmonary tsis zoo, kev kho nrog pej xeem tshuaj tuaj yeem nce tshiav ntawm cov hlab cua thiab qhov mob.
Decoction rau nyem ntawm cov tsos mob
Cov khoom xyaw :
- Icelandic Moss - 20-25 g;
- dej - 1 liter.
Kev npaj, daim ntawv thov
- Ncuav raw cov ntaub ntawv nrog dej npau npau.
- Nqa mus rau ib lub boil tshaj li tsawg tshav kub, tua tawm lub hotplate.
- Insist txhais tias 30 feeb.
- Txiav qhov kev daws teeb meem.
- Haus ib feem peb ntawm cov tau txais ntim ntawm cov tshuaj ua ntej txhua pluas noj, 3 zaug hauv ib hnub.
Txoj kev lis ntshav rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev mob huam tuaj
Cov khoom xyaw :
- chamomile paj - 100 g;
- flaxseed - 50 g;
- txiv qaub paj - 100 g;
- eucalyptus - 100 g;
- dej 250 ml.
Kev npaj, daim ntawv thov
- Sib tov cov tshuaj ntsuab.
- Ncuav 2 seem ntawm rab diav nrog dej npau npau.
- Tom qab 40 feeb tshuaj tas cov tshuaj.
- Haus 100 ml ntawm yeeb tshuaj 2 zaug ib hnub tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm remission.
Cov teeb meem ntawm COPD
Tus kab mob tshuaj xyuas yog incurable, kev kho pab tsuas yog tawm thiab txhawm rau nws cov tsos mob. Tshwj xeeb yog ceev tsis zoo yog tias ib tug neeg tsis paub dab tsi txog COPD - nws yog dab tsi, nws yuav tsum tau kho li cas. Yog tsis muaj cov tshuaj pathology sai sai thiab ua rau tsis hloov ntawm txoj hlab ntsws. Tus kab mob hnyav txhaws ntsig ntev - mob lwm yam:
- lwm tus mob polycythemia ;
- mob ntsws o;
- congestive plawv, mob ntsws thiab mob tsis ua pa ntev;
- pneumomediastinum;
- mob ntsws ntsws mob ntsws ;
- txawj kis pneumothorax thiab lwm tus.
COPD - lub neej kev cia siab
Cov lus piav qhia txog kev pheej hmoo tsis pom zoo, yog li ntawd qhov kev pheej xyuas ntev ntev yog qhov tsis zoo. Thaum kuaj tau COPD 3 degrees lossis siab dua, tus neeg mob tsis tshua muaj hnub nyoog ntau tshaj 5 xyoos, tshwj xeeb yog tias muaj teebmeem nrog kev ua pa, ib tus neeg tshaj 40 xyoo los yog lwm yam uas ua rau muaj mob rov qab raug tshem tawm. Rau thaum ntxov ua sawv ntawm tus kab mob, lub Outlook yog xav paub ntau tshaj optimistic. Nrog txoj kev kho kom zoo, ntau cov neeg mob pulmonologist yeej zoo siab los ntsib cov laus laus, tab sis qhov zoo ntawm lawv lub neej yog pheej tsis zoo.
Kev tiv thaiv ntawm COPD
Qhov loj tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau tso tseg, yog li ntawd raws li tsis mus tsim obstructive pulmonary kab mob, qhov no yog haus luam yeeb. Koj tuaj yeem tsis ua pa li koj tus kheej lossis lwm tus neeg haus luam yeeb haus luam yeeb. Cov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntxiv nrog rau kev tshaj tawm txog pej xeem txog COPD - nws yog dab tsi, yuav ua li cas nws kho thiab tiv thaiv, dab tsi yog fraught nrog tus kab mob. Lwm txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv:
- kev tu ncua kev kho mob ntawm kev ua pa, kev kis mob;
- qhov cais tawm ntawm cov haujlwm hauv kev ua haujlwm uas ua rau COPD;
- kev koom tes ntawm kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv cov nyob quarters, cua purification;
- txhawb kev tiv thaiv thiab dav dav ntawm lub cev.