Raws li lawv hais, tsis muaj nyias qhov tsis zoo. Nws yog qhov tseeb rau nws keeb kwm ntev ntev uas Estonia tshuav xws li ib tug zoo kab lis kev cai thiab architectural cuab tam. Ib lub xeev me me nrog ib qhov chaw zoo heev yeej ib txwm ua "cua morsel" rau cov neeg tsis haum siab thiab siab hlob. Nyob txawv sij hawm, Estonian Estonian, Germans, Crusaders, Danes, tub luam ntawm lub Hanseatic League, Knights ntawm lub Livonian Order thiab lub teb chaws Ottoman Raug tsim muaj hwj chim rau Estonian thaj av. Tias yog vim li cas lub keeb kwm ntawm Estonia yog cov sawv cev hauv ntau yam nplua nuj.
Great castles thiab siab fortresses tau los ntawm no los ntawm Knights thiab cov npis sov, thiaj li ua rau lawv txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob hauv lub teb chaws thiab tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej tawm tsam lwm cov invaders mus zog. Ua ke nrog cov defensive-tub rog nruab rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm Estonia, tshiab castles tau txhim tsa, ua los ntawm cov tswv tsev muaj tswv thiab cov tub lag luam. Txhua leej txhua tus xav ua tus tswv ntawm lub palace zoo nkauj tshaj plaws, tsim thiab kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam tsim cov foreign architects thiab nto moo decorators. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev zoo siab thiab kev coj ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj thaum ub, peb tau muaj lub sijhawm los qhuas kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov vaj tsev qub.
Hnub no nyob rau hauv Estonia muaj txog 60 xyoo pua medieval castles, thiab ntau tshaj 1000 manors thiab manors (suburban noble tsev ua nyob rau hauv lub XIX caug xyoo, uas feem ntau stylized li knight castles). Pom zoo, heev heev rau ib lub teb chaws me me ntawm cheeb tsam ntawm 45,000 mais xwb.
Tsev fuabtais castles ntawm Estonia
Fortresses tsa los ntawm lub Knights ntawm lub Livonian Order, nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Estonia feem ntau. Lawv txawv me me, architecture, tsim cov qauv thiab cov degree ntawm kev nyab xeeb.
Peb muab koj xaiv ntawm cov nto moo zoo tshaj plaws uas tseem muaj sia nyob ntawm Knight castles:
- Viljandi Castle - ib zaug lub loj tshaj plaws thiab lub hwj chim loj tshaj plaws ntawm Kev Txiav Txim, raug pov tseg thaum lub sij hawm Polish-Swedish Tsov rog thiab niaj hnub no yog sawv cev tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ancient ruins;
- Herman tsev fuabtais (Narva) yog thawj lub pob zeb ntawm qhov no, ua tau rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua pib, tom qab muaj ntau yam kev puas tsuaj hauv lub tsev fuabtais tau txum tim rov qab, tam sim no muaj ib lub tsev khaws khoom ua si, khoom siv tes ua nyob hauv nws qhov chaw, ua yeeb yaj kiab, ua yeeb yam, festivals thiab concerts feem ntau nyob ntawm no ;
- Castle Karksi - lwm Livonian fortress, "tsis nyob" rau peb lub sij hawm, nyob ze lub nroog me me ntawm Karksi-Nui tsuas yog lub ruins ntawm ib zaug nto moo knight forburg tseem;
- Castle Paide - tau txum tim xyoo 1993, nyob rau hauv cov thuam-lub qhov taub muaj kev saib xyuas, hauv lub fortress muaj lub pov thawj thiab lub chaw noj mov rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws;
- Põltsamaa Tsev fuabtais yog ib lub tsev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Estonia, cov khoom noj khoom haus, cov kos duab kos duab, kos duab, chaw muag khoom, khw muag khoom noj (xovxwm, zaub mov noj) hauv thaj chaw thiab muaj cawv qab zib ;
- Rakvere Castle yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov neeg tuaj ncig xyuas tebchaws (muaj ib qho kev sib tham sib txuas nkauj uas koj tuaj yeem mus ntsib tus tsim txom chamber, medieval armory chav, chapel, caw cellars, knights 'refectory, smithy thiab ib qho chaw sib tw ua si rau kev hleev);
- Cov cuab yeej cuab yeej cuab tam - qhov "yau tshaj" ntawm tag nrho cov kev Fortresses, ua nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm Livonian txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub siab nyiaj, yog xav kom lees txhaum pirate tawm tsam, nws tsis raug rov qab los tom qab kev puas tsuaj;
- Toompea tsev fuabtais yog Estonia tus nto moo tshaj plaws thiab tus sawv cev hauv tsev, nyob hauv plawv ntawm Tallinn , nyob qhov twg Parliament ntawm lub koom pheej Estonia tso rau ntawm 26 tus pas dej ntawm lub fortress, 18 preserved (ntau ntawm lawv qhib rau cov neeg tuaj xyuas, muaj cov chav tso cai hauv tsev, cafes, cov khw muag khoom noj sab hauv).
Orden castles ntawm Estonia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia yog cim nrog dub voj voog. Vim tias muaj cov neeg kawm tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ua ke thaum lub sij hawm thaum ub, nws tsis paub tias Livonian fortresses yeej tawg thoob plaws hauv Estonia.
Episcopal Castles
Yog tias koj saib cov duab ntawm Estonia cov tsev fuabtais uas koom rau hauv Ezel-Wicks thiab Dorpatian pawg npis sov, muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tsim vaj tse thaum piv rau Order Fortresses. Tag nrho lawv ntawm ib lub sij hawm yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov thawj tus npis sov, yog li ntawd, thaum lub caij tsim kho, lawv tau them nyiaj tsis muaj nqi thiab tiv thaiv tub rog, xws li kev tsim nyob rau quarters nyob thiab cov vaj tse zoo nkauj. Txawm hais tias ib txhia ntawm cov npisov ntawm cov npis sov yog ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lawv tau nyob ze ntawm cov ciam teb nrog cov yeeb ncuab ntawm thaj av.
Feem ntau episcopal castles ntawm Estonia:
- Tom qab tus tub npab Derbent tawm hauv nws lub tsev mus, lub tsev fuabtais "dhau ntawm tes mus rau tes" rau Rusys, Swedes thiab Poles ob peb zaug, lub tsev tsis yog rov kho, nws yog tam sim no yuav luag tag nrho;
- Castle Colouvere - zoo kawg nkaus khaws cai, ua tsaug rau qhov tseeb tias nyob rau hauv nws kom txog thaum xyoo pua nees nkaum nyob hauv cov tsev neeg tsis muaj vaj huam sib luag (tus tswv tsev kawg ntawm cov qub txeeg qub teg - Lavxias suav Fedorovich Buksgewden);
- Porkuni tsev fuabtais - kev nkag mus rau pej thuam yog txwv tsis pub, cov qauv ntawm kev sibtham tsuas tuaj yeem saib sab nraud xwb;
- Kuressaare Castle - lwm qhov chaw nyob ntawm episcopal, zoo fwm txog peb lub sijhawm, Saaremaa Tsev khaws puav pheej ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw;
- Haapsalu Tsev fuabtais yog ib feem ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uas tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, nrog rau cov lus dab neeg ntawm tus pojniam White mysterious, nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub tsev fuabtais muaj ib lub zoo nkauj cathedral, cov menyuam yaus cov chaw ua si hauv medieval style, tua ntau ntau rau kev sib tw sib tw thiab khoom siv tes ua, suab qhia ntawv hauv cov lus hais.
Episcopal castles ntawm Estonia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia muaj cim nrog cov voj voog dawb. Tag nrho lawv yog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab thaj chaw hauv lub tebchaws.
Castles ntawm tus Nobles
Cov vaj tse uas khaws cia ntawm cov noble nobles amaze nrog lawv cov greatness thiab ntau yam ntawm architectural yeej. Saib cov yees duab ntawm cov vaj tse hauv Estonia, koj tuaj yeem hu rau cov tuam tsev cov vaj tse no tiag tiag. Ntau ntawm lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm nto moo zoo nkauj ntiaj teb (Windsor Palace, Bran Castle).
Qhov feem ntau zoo nkauj tsev fuabtais ntawm lub nobility ntawm Estonia:
- lub tuam tsev ntawm Maarjamägi - thaj av ntawm suav Orlov-Davydov, nyob rau hauv no manor qhov screen version ntawm zaj dab neeg nto moo "The Hound ntawm Baskervilles" raug tua, hnub no yog ib tus ceg ntoo ntawm Estonian Historical Museum nyob hauv lub tsev;
- Sangaste tsev fuabtais - lub hauv paus pib yog 99 chav hauv lub palace (ntau tshaj 100 tau tso cai rau cov vajntxwv), lub tsev zoo nkauj liab cig yog ncig ua si ntawm cov lus qhia ua lus Askiv nrog cov kabmob emerald, picturesque alleys thiab ponds, muaj ib lub pov thawj rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov complex;
- lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Taagepera - tom qab txoj cai los ntawm cov qub txeeg qub tes tau poob los ntawm cov tub rog thaum lub sij hawm kho qhov chaw, lub chaw kho mob ua haujlwm ntev heev hauv lub tsev, nyob rau tiam 21 xyoo ntawm lub tsev so thiab lub tsev noj mov tau qhib rau ntawm no, tsis ntev los no ntawm Taagepera palace yog ib qho chaw tshaj plaws rau kev sib nrauj nyob rau hauv Estonia;
- Alatskivi tsev fuabtais ua nyob hauv Gothic style, tshwj xeeb asymmetry txuas nrog lub tsev (ib lub tis loj dua lwm qhov, muaj ib sab thiab muaj ob-storey ntu hauv ib lub tuam tsev), lub tsev fuabtais ib ncig ntawm lub tiaj ua si loj, hauv tsev noj mov, lub tsev so, cov rooj sib tham, Eduard Tubin Museum thiab qhia siv quav cuav ntawm cov qub tswv ntawm cov qub txeeg qub teg.
Estonian noble castles nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia yog cim nrog triangles. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov concentrated nyob rau sab qaum teb-sab nruab nrab ntawm lub teb chaws.