Antiepileptic cov tshuaj yog cov tshuaj uas muaj peev xwm los tiv thaiv kev mob qaug dab peg lossis txo qis qis dua rau cov neeg mob uas muaj tus mob qog nqaij ntuag . Lawv ua raws li kev xav hauv lub hlwb ntau thiab sai excitation ntawm neurons nyob rau hauv lub hlwb, qhov twg pib pib.
Antiepileptic tshuaj ua haujlwm li cas?
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj siv hauv kev qaug dab peg yog qhov txo qis ntawm qhov ua kom tsis tu ncua. Tab sis tag nrho cov txhais tau tias ntawm cov pab pawg no qhia selective inhibition ntawm kev ua si ntawm pathological neurons. Cov khoom ntiag tug ntawm cov tshuaj xws li tshuaj kho cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Lawv tuaj yeem:
- ua kom kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov inhibitory neurons;
- inhibit excitatory receptors ntawm neurons;
- ncaj qha rau tus cwjpwm ntawm kev siv fais fab.
Cov kev mob tshwm sim feem ntau tshwm sim tom qab siv cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog tsis txaus. Nws tuaj yeem yuav qaug zog, hnyav nce lossis kiv taub hau. Tab sis qee zaum, kev kho mob ntawm kev qaug dab peg yuav ua rau kev xav txog kev xav txog kev xav txog kev nyuaj siab los yog kev nyuaj siab. Yog vim li ntawd, thaum ib tus neeg pib nyuam qhuav pib kho dua tshiab, kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tswj kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab zoo npaum li cov tshuaj hauv cov ntshav. Raws li txoj cai, hauv thawj theem ntawm txoj kev kho, qhov qis tshaj ntawm cov tshuaj yog kws kho mob, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub neej ntawm cov tshuaj.
Cov tshuaj antiepileptic yog cov tshuaj twg?
Tam sim no, ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv niaj hnub no raug pom zoo rau kev kho mob ntawm qaug dab peg. Tus kws kho mob yeej nquahu kom qhia cov tshuaj, raws li ntau yam:
- Hom mob chua leeg thiab kab mob. Qee cov tshuaj antiepileptic los ntawm cov laus lossis cov cim tshiab yog cov uas ua rau kev tswj cov qaug dab peg (piv txwv li, Ethosuximide), thaum lwm tus neeg muaj npe rau cov neeg uas tau qaug zog ntxiv
(Rufinamide los yog Diazepam). - Hnub nyoog thiab kev kho mob keeb kwm ntawm tus neeg mob. Cov neeg mob uas muaj tus kab mob tshiab kheesxaws lossis cov menyuam hnub nyoog kawm ntawv feem ntau yog tus kws kho mob carbamazepine, phenytoin lossis valproate, thiab cov neeg tau ntev los tua cov kab mob no feem ntau sau cov tshuaj yeeb dawb (Trileptal los yog Topamax).
- Kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cev xeeb tub. Nws muaj ib pawg kws kho mob tshwj xeeb uas tsim los rau cov poj niam uas cev xeeb tub. Lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb ntxiv rau cov me nyuam mos liab (Carba-mazepine, Lamotrigine thiab Valproate).