Cov ntawv ceev xwm txheej, ntawm qhov uas tsis muaj peev xwm sau ib zaj dab neeg zoo siab, cia nyob ib leeg ib qho tshiab, feem ntau yog cov neeg zoo siab tshaj plaws.
Janusz Wisniewski
Pib ntawm qhov ib hom ntawv nyeem uas niaj hnub sau tseg yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Jean Jacques Rousseau "Confession" (1789). Tiam sis txog rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, sau cov ntawv ntawm no yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg paub zoo.
Autobiography yog ib daim ntawv ua pov thawj, uas yog cov lus piav qhia ntawm tus neeg lub neej. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia yooj yim txog lub neej ntawm tus neeg sib tw thiab nws txoj haujlwm. Txog hnub tim, daim ntawv no yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm.
Ua ntej koj sau ib daim ntawv keeb kwm, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo nyeem cov kev cai ntawm nws cov ntawv sau tseg. Tom qab tag nrho, daim ntawv sau piav qhia rau tus tswv ntiav ib qho tswv yim ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm yav pem suab.
Cov nram qab no muaj cov tswv yim yuav qhia rau koj seb yuav ua li cas thiaj yog thiab sau tau cov ntawv sau kom tiav.
Yuav ua li cas sau ntawv thiab sau tau cov ntawv sau cia?
Cov lus qhia yooj yim thiab cov lus piav qhia hauv lub neej qhia tau hais tias, tsom xam cov txheej xwm nruj me ntsis. Muaj ntau qhov kev xaiv:
- Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov kev tshwm sim yog qhia, ces lub hnub yog nyob rau hauv brackets. Piv txwv, "Tom qab kawm tiav ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tiav (2010), nws tau ua haujlwm ua xibfwb hauv kev lag luam ntawm Odessa University of Economics (2010-2012)"
- Thaum pib ntawm txoj kab, cov hnub muab tso rau hauv lub thom khwm, uas qhia txog lub sij hawm uas yuav tsum vov ib hom kev ua hauj lwm, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, "2010-2012 - tau ua haujlwm ua xibfwb ntawm kev lagluam ntawm Odessa Economic University".
- Lub sij hawm tau piav qhia yog muab los ntawm txoj hau kev. Piv txwv li, "Los ntawm 2010 mus rau 2012 nws tau ua haujlwm ua xibfwb hauv kev lag luam ntawm Odessa University of Economics."
Ua ntej sau ntawv ua ib daim ntawv sau txog kev ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum tau los ua cov hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas yog cov yuav tsum tau ua:
- Koj cov ntaub ntawv. Surname, npe, patronymic. Hnub thiab qhov chaw yug. Yog li, koj zoo li yuav tsum tau qhia, qhia txog koj yog leej twg. Cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem qhia tau rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Piv txwv li, "Kuv, Ivanov Ivan Ivanovich, tau yug rau Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1987 hauv lub nroog ntawm Ekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk cheeb tsam." Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsis yuam kev los qhia koj cov ntaub ntawv hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov lus nug: "Ivanov Ivan Ivanovich. Hnub Yug: Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1987. Qhov chaw yug: lub nroog ntawm Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk cheeb tsam ".
- Txawm hais tias thaum pib ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv sau txog kev sau ntawv (autobiography) raws li ib daim ntawv, nws yog txoj kev cai coj los qhia txog tus txheej xwm ntawm cov niam txiv. ("... Leej txiv yog ib tus neeg pluag, nws tau koom ua cov tswm ciab thiab siv tshuaj ntxuav tes." "Benjamin Franklin's autobiography" los ntawm Benjamin Franklin). Rau hnub tim, qhov kev xav tau rau qhov no tau zoo. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau muab qee cov ntaub ntawv hais txog hom haujlwm ntawm niam txiv. Piv txwv li, "Kuv tau yug los rau hauv ib tsev neeg ntawm cov xib fwb - txiv, Ivan Ivanov Ivanov - tus nais khus niam txiv, niam, Svetlana Ivanovna Ivanova - keeb kwm xib fwb".
- Tom qab koj tau teev cov lus teev tseg saum toj no, koj yuav tsum ua kom tiav cov ntaub ntawv qhia nrog cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog txoj kev kawm uas koj tau txais. Qhia cov koom haum uas koj tau kawm, lub sijhawm kawm. Yog tias koj muaj kev ua tiav (diplomas, gold medals), nws tsim nyog sau txog nws. Piv txwv li, "Kuv kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv secondary 21 nyob hauv Belgorod hauv 1998". Tom qab ntawd ua raws li txhua theem ntawm koj kev kawm (qib nrab, siab dua, tsev kawm tiav). Yog tias tsis muaj tsev kawm ntawv tsis tiav, koj yuav tsum qhia seb yog vim li cas.
- Koj ua haujlwm. Hauv nqe lus no, koj yuav tsum piav qhia txog lub tuam txhab / lub chaw / lub koom haum koj pib ua hauj lwm. Tsis txhob hnov qab qhia nyob rau hauv qhov chaw twg los yog rau txoj hauj lwm dab tsi. Piv txwv li, "Nyob rau hauv Lub Kaum Hlis 1982, dhau los ntawm kev faib tawm, kuv tau mus ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Zvezda cog raws li lub tshuab txiav." Yog tias tus originator tsis ua haujlwm nyob qhov twg, nws tsim nyog los qhia tias nws puas tau sau npe nrog lub chaw ua haujlwm, seb puas muaj kev rov qab kawm dua, thiab lwm yam.
Yuav ua li cas los xaus qhov kev sau ntawv?
Tom kawg ntawm daim ntawv, thov muab koj tus kheej cov ntsiab lus:
- Cov ntaub ntawv hla tebchaws.
- Chaw nyob thiab xov tooj.
- Hnub muab tso ua ke thiab kos npe ntawm tus originator.
Yog tias koj tsuas xav sau cov ntawv sau luv luv xwb, ces nws yog qhov tsim nyog los pab txhawb los ntawm tag nrho cov saum toj no tsuas yog:
- Koj cov ntaub ntawv.
- Tau txais kev kawm.
- Ua haujlwm.
- Ntaub ntawv tus kheej.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv luv luv yog tsis tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog koj lub neej, tsuas yog cov tseem ceeb tshaj, tsis nkag mus rau lawv cov lus.
Qhov kawg ntawm koj daim ntawv tso cai yuav muab tso rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug. Ntev mus, nws tuaj yeem muab kho dua tshiab, tiam sis cov ntawv qub thiab cov ntawv ntxiv rau nws tau muab tso rau hauv seem "Cov Khoom Ntxiv".