Kev paub ntau, sib sib zog nqus, kev paub ntau yam ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog tsis muaj kev paub ntau dua - kev xav. Hauv kev xav txog kev xav, muaj ntau ntau hom kev xav, txawv, thawj qhov chaw, hauv cov ntsiab lus: paub daws teeb meem, pom kev zoo thiab pom kev zoo-kev xav. Tsis tas li ntawd, kuj muaj xws li, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm: qhov theoretical thiab cov tswv yim, thiab dab tsi nrog qee yam pib ntawm kev xav yog cais rau hauv: kev muaj tswv yim thiab kev ua me nyuam.
Kev tsim tawm ntawm kev xav-paj lug xav
Tus essence ntawm kev xav-paj lug xav muaj nyob hauv kev daws cov hauj lwm uas tau ua los ntawm kev sawv cev, cov duab (tom kawg muab cia ua haujlwm thiab ntus nco ntev). Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv yooj yim, nws tshwm sim hauv nws tus me nyuam muaj hnub nyoog kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv qib qis (4-7 xyoo). Nyob rau lub sij hawm no, muaj ib qho kev hloov ntawm qhov muag pom tau zoo rau hom kev xav peb xaiv. Tus me nyuam tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua, raws li ua ntej, kov cov khoom tshiab los kov nws nrog nws ob txhais tes. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog qhov peev xwm kom pom tseeb nws, los sawv cev rau nws.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias hom kev xav yog tam sim no ntawm architects, zam designers, poets, perfumers, ntxias. Nws lub ntsiab feature yog tias ib tug neeg paub ib yam twj paj nruas raws li nws cov kev siv ntau yam, ua ke nrog cov yam ntxwv txawv ntawm qhov khoom.
Kev kawm txog kev xav-paj lug xav
Tus kws tshawb fawb Swiss Piaget tau sim ua qhov kev sim, ua tsaug rau nws tau hais tias cov me nyuam xav hauv cov duab pom kev, tsis yog coj los ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Yog li ntawd, ib pawg ntawm cov menyuam muaj hnub nyoog 7 xyoo pom ob lub npas uas tau ua los ntawm mov paj thiab muaj tib lub ntim. Tus me nyuam, thaum kuaj xyuas cov khoom nyob hauv kev nthuav dav, thov tias lawv zoo li qub. Tom ntej no, tus neeg tshawb xyuas nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tag nrho cov neeg tuaj saib ua ib lub npas rau hauv lub ncuav mog qab zib ca. Cov menyuam yaus, pom tau hais tias lub pob tsuas hloov nws cov duab, tsis muaj ib daim ntxiv rau nws, tab sis txawm tias qhov no, lawv xav ntawm qhov kev xav tias qhov kev sim siab nce qhov nqi ntawm qhov kev xeem hauv lub npas ca.
Psychologists piav qhia qhov no los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov me nyuam hauv lub hnub nyoog no tsis muaj cuab kav siv cov ntsiab lus los piav txog dab tsi tshwm sim. Feem ntau, lawv txoj kev xav yog nyob ntawm lawv txoj kev xav . Yog li, thaum cov me nyuam saib pob, hloov hauv cov duab thiab ntiv tes ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub rooj saum npoo, lawv xav tias lawv ntxiv ib khob noom cookie rau lub ncuav mog qab zib no. Qhov no yog vim lawv txoj kev xav hauv daim duab ntawm cov duab pom.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj li tsim muaj kev xav-piv kev xav?
Txawm nyob hauv cov ntawv Aristotle, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm qhov kev xav zoo li no tau muab sau tseg. Tsim kom muaj ib qho kev xav hauv lub hlwb yuav pab tus neeg kom muaj lub hom phiaj rau, kom muaj peev xwm ua kom tiav qhov kev npaj, ua rau koj yuav tau qhia rau koj tus kheej. Nws yog qhov uas yuav pab qhib lub peev xwm muaj tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws hauv peb txhua tus. Cov neeg uas tau tsim txoj kev xav xav tau yooj yim dua li cov neeg uas muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev paub daws teeb meem (piv txwv li, qhov kev xav ntawm thawj hom kev xav yog 60 bits / sec, thiab ib qho abstract - tsuas yog 7 khoom / thib ob).
Kev tsim tawm ntawm kev xam pom-paj lug yog nce los ntawm:
- tso cai ntawm labyrinths;
- teeb duab;
- kev nyeem ntawv, kev paub ntxiv ntawm cov cim ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb;
- kev ua yeeb yam, raws li ib qho ntawm txhua daim duab, nrog rau ib qho qauv ntawm tus thawj coj, nws yuav tsum tau tsim cov koom haum ntau li ntau tau;
- kev siv cov kev ua si nrog kev txav ntawm cov ntawv, qhov khoom sib piv (piv txwv, nws tsim nyog ua ob daim duab sib txawv ntawm peb sab ntawm 5 qhov sib tw);
- sau cov dab neeg uas lub ntsiab tseem tsis tau ntsib;
- ce rau qhov kev tshawb nrhiav analogs (nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav nrhiav tau ntau yam zoo tib yam li tau hauv ib qho khoom siv nrog lwm tus).