BCG (Bacillum Calmette Guerin, BCG) yog koob tshuaj tiv thaiv tuberculosis. Cov creators ntawm cov tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv no - cov kws tshawb fawb Fabkis Geren thiab Kalmet, tshaj tawm lawv cov discovery hauv 1923. Nyob rau hauv tib yam, thaum xyoo 1923, thawj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ua ntej siv. Cov tshuaj no tau muab faib ntau xyoo tom qab. Hauv USSR, cov menyuam yaus pib txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob BCG txij thaum 1962.
BCG tiv thaiv tuberculosis li cas?
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob BCG no muaj ib hom tawv nqaij ntawm bovine tubercle bacillus uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua si. Cov kab mob bacillus tiv taus mus rau sab nrauv thiab, tib lub sij hawm, ua rau muaj tus kab mob nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg kom zoo li qhov uas tiv thaiv tau tsim tawm rau nws.
Tuberculosis paub ntau lub sijhawm. Rau cov keeb kwm ntev no tus kab mob no tau raug tshem tawm tsis ib txhiab tib neeg lub neej. Qhov kev mob nkeeg no tau dhau los ua ib qho teeb meem ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab cov hau kev ntawm kev sib txuas lus nws yuav tsum yog qhov tshaj plaws. Tuberculosis cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam yaus sai, vim hais tias cov menyuam lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tseem tsis tau tsim los ntawm cov kab mob zoo li no. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob BCG tau txo cov kab mob thiab kev tuag ntawm cov kab mob txaus ntshai rau tus txiv neej no, li tuberculosis yog qhov yooj yim dua kom tsis txhob muaj kev kho.
Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv BCG
BCG txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog thawj koob tshuaj txhaj rau lub neej ntawm tus menyuam mos. Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ua rau hnub 3 txog 7 hnub ntawm tus me nyuam lub neej. Revaccination yog kwv yees thaum muaj hnub nyoog 7 xyoo thiab 14 xyoos. Muaj ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv BCG - BCG m - ntau dua. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog siv rau cov menyuam uas muaj npe rau cov hauv qab no:
- Cov me nyuam yug ntxov ntxov uas twb tau txais lawv qhov hnyav (feem ntau yog BCG koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hnub kawg ua ntej tso tawm);
- cov menyuam yaus uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob BCG hauv tsev kho mob vim yog kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Hauv qhov no, BCG koob tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ua tiav thaum raug tshem tawm;
- cov menyuam yaus yug los hauv cov chaw uas muaj teeb meem tuberculosis.
Cov kev phiv tshuaj thiab teeb meem ntawm BCG
Koob tshuaj BCG yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev mus txhaj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob BCG yog kab ntawm daim tawv nqaij - qhov caws pliav. Cov kab caws pliag no qhia tias kev hloov mus rau qhov zoo ntawm cov tuberculosis. Yog tias qhov caws pliav ntawm daim tawv nqaij tom qab BCG fester, ces koj yuav tsum mus cuag kws kho mob.
Raws li cov kws kho mob, cov teeb meem feem ntau tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob BCG yog tsim los ntawm kev ua tsis zoo ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. BCG txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov me nyuam yug tshiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, thaum lub caij twg yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuam nrog, thawj zaug. Thaum muaj qog nqaij hlav, mob khaus khaus, mob phem ntxiv tom qab BCG rau hauv tus menyuam, nws yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob sai.
Contraindications rau BCG
Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv BCG yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov pawg menyuam yaus:
- cov menyuam uas nws cov nus muag tau muaj teeb meem tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog BCG;
- cov menyuam uas nws tsev neeg muaj tus kab mob HIV;
- Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj tus kabmob loj lossis muaj menyuam hauv plab (Down syndrome, tuag tes tuag taw);
- cov menyuam yaus raug mob ntawm kis kab mob. Hauv qhov no, BCG txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kom txog thaum tus menyuam ua tiav rov qab;
- tus me nyuam ntxov ntxov, nrog rau qib siab ntawm prematurity.
Mantoux xeem
Kev ntsuam xyuas Mantoux yog ib txoj kev kuaj ntawm tuberculosis thaum ntxov. Kev kuaj Mantoux muaj subcutaneous cov kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob me me, ua rau tus me nyuam lub cev, uas tau los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm tuberculosis. Tom qab ntawd, peb hnub, qhov kev kuaj mob hauv zos yog kuaj. Yog tias muaj ib qho kev ua kom muaj zog, nws txhais tau hais tias tus me nyuam cov kab mob twb tau ntsib nrog cov kab mob ntsws (tuberculosis). Mantoux test thiab BCG txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo li qub. Kev kuaj Mantoux yog ntsuas txhua xyoo txawm rau cov menyuam yaus uas raug zam los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj txhua hnub.