Apperception yog ib yam ntawm cov neeg mob hlwb, uas yog hais txog kev pom zoo ntawm cov xwm txheej thiab cov khoom, nyob ntawm qhov kev xav, kev xav, kev xav ntawm tus tib neeg rau tej yam tshwm sim.
Lub tswvyim ntawm apperception tuaj ntawm Latin, nyob rau hauv literal translation ad - k, percepcio - xaav. Lub sij hawm tau qhia los ntawm GV Leibniz, tus kws tshawb fawb German. Nws ua tim khawv hais tias txoj kev no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev paub thiab paub ntau dua. Thiab nws muab nws mloog thiab cim xeeb rau hauv nws. Leibniz ua ntej faib cov tswv yim ntawm txoj kev xaav thiab kev xav tsis meej. Los ntawm thawj zaug txhais tau tias yog tswv yim qub, tsis nco qab lawm, tsis paub txog ntawm tej ntsiab lus, thiab nyob rau hauv ob - ib theem ntawm kev paub, meej, txawv txav. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm apperception yuav yog ob tug neeg, ib tug botanist, lwm tus artist. Thawj, mus rau ib tug taug kev, yuav xav txog cov nroj tsuag ntawm ib lub tswv yim ntawm kev pom, thiab lub thib ob - nrog zoo nkauj. Lawv txoj kev xav yog los ntawm cov kev coj ntawm lawv qhov kev tshwj xeeb, kev nyiam thiab kev paub.
Tus kws tshawb fawb Amelikas Bruner tau qhia txog lub sij hawm sib raug zoo. Nws to taub tsis tsuas yog lub xaav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khoom, tab sis kuj ntawm kev sib raug zoo pawg, uas yog, cov tib neeg, haiv neeg, haiv neeg, thiab lwm yam. Lawv tau paub txog qhov tseeb hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev xaav tuaj yeem cuam tshuam peb qhov kev ntsuam xyuas. Perceiving neeg, peb tuaj yeem ua tau qhov zoo li qub thiab hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev xaav ntawm cov khoom thiab qhov tshwm sim.
Nyob rau hauv Kant lub tswvyim, ib lub tswvyim tshiab ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm kev sib nkag siab ntawm cov menyuam yaus tau pib. Kant tau muab cov lus qhuab qhia thiab kev ntshiab (thawj). Txoj kev xav ntawm lub zog yog ib ntus thiab raws li tus tib neeg txoj kev xav ntawm nws tus kheej. Tab sis qhov kev paub txog ntawm yus tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm kev tshaj tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig, nws yog qhov kev txiav txim siab uas tus kws tshawb fawb qhia hauv qab lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib sau ntawm apperception.
Alfred Adler tsim lub tswvyim, qhia txog nws cov cuab yeej ntawm txoj kev xaav, raws li qhov txuas hauv lub neej txoj kev tsim los ntawm tus neeg. Nws sau nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv hais tias peb tsis hnov qhov tseeb tiag, tab sis cov duab thaij duab, uas yog, yog tias zoo li peb tias txoj hlua nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm chav tsev yog ib tug nab, ces peb yuav ntshai nws zoo li ib tug nab. Adler lub tswv yim coj qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv kev xav ntawm lub hlwb.
Txoj kev rau kev kuaj mob apperception
Txoj kev paub zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kawm txog qhov kev xam pom ntawm tus neeg yog kev sim. Lawv tuaj yeem yog ob hom:
- kev sim ntawm apperception ntawm cov cim;
- ntsuam xyuas lawv qhov kev xav;
Hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, ib tus neeg tau txais 24 daim npav nrog cov cim, qhia tias cov cim no tawm ntawm myths thiab fairy tales, cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum cais cov ntawv ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau nws. Nyob rau theem ob ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb, nws tau hais tias cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 24 lub cim yuav tsum muaj kev txhawb nqa nrog ib qho ntxiv uas tau ploj lawm, nyob rau ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm qhov kev kawm. Tom qab ntawd, cov ntawv qub no yuav tsum muab faib ua pawg: lub hwjchim ","
Lwm hom kev kawm - ib qho kev xeem ntawm thematic apperception, yog ib txheej ntawm cov duab dub thiab dawb duab thaij duab. Lawv tau xaiv noj nyiaj txiag los ntawm kev sib deev thiab hnub nyoog ntawm qhov kev kawm. Nws txoj hauj lwm yog los sau cov dab neeg dab neeg raws li cov duab ntawm txhua daim duab. Qhov kev kuaj no yog siv thaum muaj kev sib tw sib txawv, thiab thaum xaiv tus neeg sib tw rau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws (cov neeg tsav tsheb, cov kws tsav dav hlau). Nws yog feem ntau siv thaum muaj xwm ceev psychotherapeutic kuaj, piv txwv li, nrog rau kev nyuaj siab, nrog ib tug tau suicidal tshwm sim.